Modelo espacio temporal hidroquímico de metales pesados dentro de la cuenca Antequera en base a la actividad minera y agrícola
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rev. Bol. Quim
Abstract
El origen, movimiento e interacción de metales pesados dentro los cuerpos de agua de la cuenca Antequera, localizada en las proximidades al Lago Poopó - Oruro tiene mucha importancia, debido a la actividad minera y agrícola que se desarrolla en la zona. Es así que considerando la hidroquímica de la zona (minera y agrícola), se determinó que existe gran influencia de la actividad minera sobre el recurso hídrico de esta cuenca. El análisis hidroquímico se desarrolló considerando los siguientes parámetros fisicoquímicos: arsénico, plomo, hierro, manganeso, cobre, cadmio, zinc, calcio, magnesio, sodio, potasio, carbonatos, bicarbonatos, sulfatos, nitratos, pH, y conductividad eléctrica. Estos parámetros fueron espacializados de manera directa, para el caso de las aguas superficiales y se usó la interpolación Moving Average Inverse Distance para el caso de las aguas subterráneas. Se realizó una comparación espacio temporal de los parámetros fisicoquímicos con datos de los periodos: secos, de transición y húmedos, desde el 2007 al 2009. El principal metal proveniente de las actividades mineras, como ser principalmente colas y desmontes, es el zinc. Las caracterización de las aguas indica que las aguas de la zona minera son principalmente sulfato cálcicas, en cambio la zona agrícola presenta aguas cloruro sódicas y bicarbonato cálcicas. A través de la hidroquímica y la clasificación supervisada de imágenes satelitales de la cuenca, se encontró la relación existente entre el uso del suelo y la química de las aguas. En ese sentido las zonas con mayor impacto por la actividad minera comprenden desde el campamento Martha, Totoral y Avicaya, a lo largo del cauce principal de río hasta llegar al dique de Avicaya y de estas zonas, la más afectadas por esta actividad, es la zona sur de la cuenca, la localidad de Pazña, esta zona conforma la llanura de infiltración o inundación, su principal actividad (agrícola) se ve grandemente afectada por las actividades mineras desarrolladas en la parte alta de la cuenca
The origin, movement and interaction of heavy metals into water bodies Antequera basin, located near Lake Poopó - Oruro is very important, because mining and agricultural activity that develops in the area. Thus, considering the hydrochemistry of the area (mining and agriculture), we determined that there is great influence of mining on water resources in the basin. Hydrochemical analysis was developed considering the following parameters: arsenic, lead, iron, manganese, copper, cadmium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, pH, and electrical conductivity. These parameters were spatialized directly in the case of surface water and used the Inverse Distance interpolation Moving Average for the case of groundwater. A comparison was made temporary space of parameters with data from the periods: transition, dry and wet from 2007 to 2009. The main metal from mining activities and mining waste is zinc. The characterization of the waters indicates that waters from the mining area are mainly calcium sulfate, whereas the agricultural area has water sodium chloride and calcium bicarbonate. Through the hydrochemistry and supervised classification of satellite images of the basin, we found the relationship between land use and water chemistry. The areas most impacted by the mining activity are: Martha, Avicaya Totoral and along the main channel of river Avicaya and these areas the most affected by this activity is the south of the basin, the town of Pazña, this area forms the infiltration or flood plain, its main activity (agriculture) is greatly affected by mining activities developed in the upper basin
The origin, movement and interaction of heavy metals into water bodies Antequera basin, located near Lake Poopó - Oruro is very important, because mining and agricultural activity that develops in the area. Thus, considering the hydrochemistry of the area (mining and agriculture), we determined that there is great influence of mining on water resources in the basin. Hydrochemical analysis was developed considering the following parameters: arsenic, lead, iron, manganese, copper, cadmium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, pH, and electrical conductivity. These parameters were spatialized directly in the case of surface water and used the Inverse Distance interpolation Moving Average for the case of groundwater. A comparison was made temporary space of parameters with data from the periods: transition, dry and wet from 2007 to 2009. The main metal from mining activities and mining waste is zinc. The characterization of the waters indicates that waters from the mining area are mainly calcium sulfate, whereas the agricultural area has water sodium chloride and calcium bicarbonate. Through the hydrochemistry and supervised classification of satellite images of the basin, we found the relationship between land use and water chemistry. The areas most impacted by the mining activity are: Martha, Avicaya Totoral and along the main channel of river Avicaya and these areas the most affected by this activity is the south of the basin, the town of Pazña, this area forms the infiltration or flood plain, its main activity (agriculture) is greatly affected by mining activities developed in the upper basin
Description
Vol. 28, No. 2