La justicia comunitaria como sustento de la ética aymara
Abstract
La aprobación de la nueva Constitución Política del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, en enero de este año, ha impuesto un giro en la concepción de justicia, toda vez que se ha incorporado la justicia de origen indígena, dando lugar a un régimen plural en el derecho. Pese a esta significativa inclusión de lo que se ha venido a llamar "justicia comunitaria", hay un profundo desconocimiento de lo que ella significa. En el marco de la ética, aquí abordaremos algunos elementos acerca de lo que se puede entender por justicia comunitaria -caracterizada en el límite de la estructura comunal aymara- con la finalidad de esbozar una conceptualización que permita comprenderla de forma más adecuada y, diferenciarla simultáneamente de prácticas sociales que no corresponden con la matriz social y productiva en la que se inscribe. En este sentido, sostenemos la tesis de que el contenido central de la justicia en el sistema comunitario aymara es la reciprocidad. Sin embargo, el sustento de la reciprocidad no se ubica en la cosmovisión sino en las relaciones sociales de producción que caracterizan la estructura comunitaria. Este enfoque permite comprender tanto las prácticas de administración de justicia como el propio sistema de castigos propio de las comunidades aymaras. La consideración de estos temas abre un abanico de cuestionamientos sobre la construcción social a desarrollar en Bolivia de aquí en adelante y proyecta desafíos ineludibles para la transformación de la educación.
The adoption of the new Political Constitution of Bolivia Multicountry in January this year, has shifed the conception of justice, since justice from indigenous communities has been incorporated, leading to a pluralistic system in law. Despite this significant inclusion of what has been called community justice there is a deep misunderstanding of it's real meaning. In the context of ethics, we will discuss some elements of what justice can be understood by community justice in the Aymara community structure in order to try to outline an approach that allows to understand and differentiate simultaneously social practices that do not match the social and productive matrix. In this regard, we support the thesis that the core content of justice in the Aymara community is reciprocity. However, the livelihood of reciprocity does not lye in the cosmovision, but in the social relations of production that define the structure of the community. This approach allows us to understand both the practical administration of justice as the proper punishment system itself, in Aymara communities. Considerarin these issues opens up a range of questions about the social construction developed in Bolivia and the henceforth inevitable challenges and plans for transforming education.
The adoption of the new Political Constitution of Bolivia Multicountry in January this year, has shifed the conception of justice, since justice from indigenous communities has been incorporated, leading to a pluralistic system in law. Despite this significant inclusion of what has been called community justice there is a deep misunderstanding of it's real meaning. In the context of ethics, we will discuss some elements of what justice can be understood by community justice in the Aymara community structure in order to try to outline an approach that allows to understand and differentiate simultaneously social practices that do not match the social and productive matrix. In this regard, we support the thesis that the core content of justice in the Aymara community is reciprocity. However, the livelihood of reciprocity does not lye in the cosmovision, but in the social relations of production that define the structure of the community. This approach allows us to understand both the practical administration of justice as the proper punishment system itself, in Aymara communities. Considerarin these issues opens up a range of questions about the social construction developed in Bolivia and the henceforth inevitable challenges and plans for transforming education.
Description
Vol. 2, No. 3