Metodología para planificar el uso futuro en los planes de cierre de Minas
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REV. MAMYM
Abstract
Considerando que la actividad minera hace un uso temporal del suelo, al concluir el ciclo minero hay que elegir la mejor opción para rehabilitar el terreno alterado, que puede ir desde la recuperación ambiental del espacio que ocuparon los componentes mineros hasta la rehabilitación del lugar para un nuevo uso o uso futuro que en ocasiones puede resultar más beneficioso que el uso inicial. Para planificar el uso futuro de l os terrenos que ocuparon los componentes mineros, podemos apoyarnos en las guías internacionales que sugieren metodologías enmarcadas en las buenas prácticas. Dentro de la información que indican a tener en cuenta esta la infraestructura y servicios asociados al proyecto, la legislación de cierre de minas vigente, las autoridades reguladores del sector, los stakeholders, los riesgos y la capacidad de acogida de nuevas actividades en el lugar, también es importante considerar el inventario ambiental y social inicial sin proyecto o anterior a la puesta en marcha la operación, las limitaciones y capacidades locales, así como la disponibilidad del recurso geoecológico y financiero para soportar la propuesta a largo plazo, además es necesaria la recolección de información como la identificación de la zona de estudio por medio de los factores climáticos y sociales que las caracterizan. De otro lado, para elegir la mejor alternativa de uso futuro es necesario tener como base el entendimiento de la integración de las áreas rehabilitadas con el resto del medio físico del lugar, mediante un análisis profundo de las variadas interrelaciones que tienen lugar entre los elementos del proyecto minero al final de su vida con los recursos naturales y antrópicos presentes en la zona con posibilidades de aprovechamiento. En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para elegir alternativas de nuevos usos o uso futuro de los terrenos mineros en la etapa post-cierre de la operación minera y adicionalmente se presentan casos estudiados donde se aplicó una combinación de las metodologías indicadas.
Considering that mining activity is a temporary use of the land, at the end of the mining cycle it is necessary to choose the best option for rehabilitating the altered land, which can range from the environmental recovery of the space occupied by the mining components to the rehabilitation of the site for a new or future use, which can sometimes be more beneficial than the initial use. In order to plan the future use of the land occupied by the mining components, we can rely on international guidelines that suggest methodologies framed in good practices. Among the information they indicate to take into account is the infrastructure and services associated with the project, the current mine closure legislation, the regulatory authorities of the sector, stakeholders, risks and the capacity to accommodate new activities in the place, it is also importantto considerthe initial environmental and social inventory without project or prior to the start-up of the operation, local limitations and capacities, as well as the availability of geoecological and financial resources to supportthe proposal in the long term, it is also necessary to collect information such as the identification of the study areathrough the climatic and social factors that characterize them. On the other hand, in order to choose the best alternative for future use, it is necessary to have as a basis the understanding of the integration of the rehabilitated areas with the rest of the physical environment.
Considering that mining activity is a temporary use of the land, at the end of the mining cycle it is necessary to choose the best option for rehabilitating the altered land, which can range from the environmental recovery of the space occupied by the mining components to the rehabilitation of the site for a new or future use, which can sometimes be more beneficial than the initial use. In order to plan the future use of the land occupied by the mining components, we can rely on international guidelines that suggest methodologies framed in good practices. Among the information they indicate to take into account is the infrastructure and services associated with the project, the current mine closure legislation, the regulatory authorities of the sector, stakeholders, risks and the capacity to accommodate new activities in the place, it is also importantto considerthe initial environmental and social inventory without project or prior to the start-up of the operation, local limitations and capacities, as well as the availability of geoecological and financial resources to supportthe proposal in the long term, it is also necessary to collect information such as the identification of the study areathrough the climatic and social factors that characterize them. On the other hand, in order to choose the best alternative for future use, it is necessary to have as a basis the understanding of the integration of the rehabilitated areas with the rest of the physical environment.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 2