PROBLEMAS EN LA CONVIVENCIA Y LA SATISFACCIÓN DE PAREJAS BOLIVIANAS DURANTE LA PANDEMIA DEL COVID-19
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Ajayu
Abstract
La pareja es una estructura dinámica conformada por un sistema interactuante de dos componentes, las cuales integran un sistema social que forma la familia, núcleo de la socialización. A raíz de la pandemia del COVID-19 se ha generado cambios en la convivencia, posibilitando problemas que afectan el funcionamiento de cada uno de los componentes dentro de la propia pareja y otros sistemas. La presente investigación constó de una muestra de 325 personas convivientes pertenecientes a distintos departamentos de Bolivia. Se utilizó la Escala de Ajuste Marital de Spanier y la Escala de Problemas Conyugales construida por los investigadores; ambas mostraron óptimos niveles de confiabilidad. Se evidenció la presencia de insatisfacción debido al uso de recursos tecnológicos de comunicación, como también otro problema fue el referido a la distribución de roles en los quehaceres del hogar. Asimismo, la violencia verbal tiene una incidencia más acentuada que la violencia física, refiriéndose a que entre más violencia verbal tenga la pareja, mayor será la insatisfacción. Se detectó también la influencia de los niveles de satisfacción entre los factores de mayor relevancia son: la diferencia cultural, los celos, la enfermedad mental de la pareja, la enfermedad mental propia y finalmente el consumo de alcohol de la pareja. Se estableció como elementos favorables de la satisfacción a la inclusión del cónyuge en actividades personales y la organización del uso del dinero.
The couple is a dynamic structure made up of an interacting system of two components, which make up a social system that forms the family, the nucleus of socialization. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes have been generated in coexistence, allowing problems that affect the functioning of each of the components within the couple itself and other systems. The present investigation consisted of a sample of 325 cohabiting people belonging to different departments of Bolivia. The Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale and the Marital Problems Scale constructed by the researchers were used; both showed optimal levels of reliability. The presence of dissatisfaction due to the use of technological communication resources was evidenced, as well as another problem referred to the distribution of roles in household chores. Likewise, verbal violence has a more accentuated incidence than physical violence, meaning that the more verbal violence the partner has, the greater the dissatisfaction. The influence of satisfaction levels was also detected among the most relevant factors: cultural difference, jealousy, partner's mental illness, own mental illness and finally the partner's alcohol consumption. The inclusion of the spouse in personal activities and the organization of the use of money were established as favorable elements of satisfaction.
The couple is a dynamic structure made up of an interacting system of two components, which make up a social system that forms the family, the nucleus of socialization. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes have been generated in coexistence, allowing problems that affect the functioning of each of the components within the couple itself and other systems. The present investigation consisted of a sample of 325 cohabiting people belonging to different departments of Bolivia. The Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale and the Marital Problems Scale constructed by the researchers were used; both showed optimal levels of reliability. The presence of dissatisfaction due to the use of technological communication resources was evidenced, as well as another problem referred to the distribution of roles in household chores. Likewise, verbal violence has a more accentuated incidence than physical violence, meaning that the more verbal violence the partner has, the greater the dissatisfaction. The influence of satisfaction levels was also detected among the most relevant factors: cultural difference, jealousy, partner's mental illness, own mental illness and finally the partner's alcohol consumption. The inclusion of the spouse in personal activities and the organization of the use of money were established as favorable elements of satisfaction.
Description
Vol. 20, No. 1