Efecto de la altitud y el micrositio sobre plántulas reforestadas de Polylepis lanata (Rosaceae) en el noroeste de Cochabamba, Bolivia: implicaciones para su restauración ecológica
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Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
La reforestación de Polylepis lanata (Rosaceae) está limitada por el pobre conocimiento de las condiciones ambientales que necesitan sus plántulas para sobrevivir y crecer. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar cómo el efecto de la altitud y las condiciones de micrositio influyen en la sobrevivencia y crecimiento de las plántulas reforestadas. Se implementó un experimento de reforestación de plántulas extraídas del bosque, en 15 parcelas distribuidas en cinco pisos altitudinales en un rango de 2.690-3.900 m (tres parcelas por piso altitudinal). El lugar de estudio fue en la comunidad de Pajchanti, al noroeste de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Se evaluaron la sobrevivencia y crecimiento de las plántulas en dos periodos, a los 14 y 51 meses después de la reforestación, respecto a la altitud y micrositio (cobertura de arbustos, piedras, hierbas, musgos, pastos, profundidad de humus y pendiente). Los datos se analizaron con el ajuste de modelos lineares generalizados y la selección de modelo e inferencia multi-modelo basado en el criterio de información de Akaike. Los modelos seleccionados sugieren que el incremento de altitud y la cobertura de arbustos fueron las variables más importantes para mejorar la sobrevivencia. Por otro lado, la profundidad de humus, cobertura de piedras y arbustos fueron los más importantes para mejorar el crecimiento. Las reforestaciones de la especie pueden realizarse en altitudes intermedias (3.000-3.600 m), pero asociados a micrositios seguros que protejan a las plántulas de las condiciones ambientales que posiblemente sean estresantes afuera del bosque, debido a la perturbación humana del suelo y la vegetación.
The reforestation of Polylepis lanata (Rosaceae) seedlings is limited by the poor knowledge about the environmental conditions that needs to survive and grow. The objective of the study was to determine how altitude and microsite affect seedlings survival and growth. An experiment was implemented with seedlings gathered from the forest and planted on 15 plots distributed in five altitudes (2,690-3,900 m; three replicates per altitude). In each plot, seedlings were planted in heterogeneous microsites. The study was carried out in the community Pajchanti in Northwestern Cochabamba, Bolivia. Survival and growth were assessed 14 and 51 months after planting. We measured altitude of plots and microsites around of each plant (cover shrubs, stones, moss, herbs, grassland, depth of humus and slope). The data analysis was conducted through the fit of generalized linear models, model selection and inference multi-model based in Akaike Information Criteria. The altitude and shrub cover had a positive effect on seedlings increasing their probability of survival; both were the most important variables. The humus, cover of stones and shrubs around the seedlings also improved the growth rates. The reforestations should be carried out in middle altitudes, 3,000 to 3,600 m, but in safe microsites which protect to the seedlings from a possible environmental stress outside of the forest, due to human disturbance of soil and vegetation.
The reforestation of Polylepis lanata (Rosaceae) seedlings is limited by the poor knowledge about the environmental conditions that needs to survive and grow. The objective of the study was to determine how altitude and microsite affect seedlings survival and growth. An experiment was implemented with seedlings gathered from the forest and planted on 15 plots distributed in five altitudes (2,690-3,900 m; three replicates per altitude). In each plot, seedlings were planted in heterogeneous microsites. The study was carried out in the community Pajchanti in Northwestern Cochabamba, Bolivia. Survival and growth were assessed 14 and 51 months after planting. We measured altitude of plots and microsites around of each plant (cover shrubs, stones, moss, herbs, grassland, depth of humus and slope). The data analysis was conducted through the fit of generalized linear models, model selection and inference multi-model based in Akaike Information Criteria. The altitude and shrub cover had a positive effect on seedlings increasing their probability of survival; both were the most important variables. The humus, cover of stones and shrubs around the seedlings also improved the growth rates. The reforestations should be carried out in middle altitudes, 3,000 to 3,600 m, but in safe microsites which protect to the seedlings from a possible environmental stress outside of the forest, due to human disturbance of soil and vegetation.
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Vol. 50, No. 1