Compuestos bioactivos y actividad antioxidante de aceites esenciales en hojas de plantas medicinales
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
Los antioxidantes naturales han suscitado un interés creciente para su uso en la industria alimentaria. Objetivo. La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar los componentes bioactivos y actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial de matico (Piper aduncum) y la borraja (Borago officinalis). Materiales y Métodos. El aceite esencial se obtuvo mediante destilación a vapor, se logró determinar el rendimiento de extracción, densidad relativa, índice de éster, índice de refracción y el porcentaje de solubilidad en solución de etanol. Los componentes bioactivos se determinaron a través de la cromatografía de masa (GC-MS), finalmente se determinó la actividad antioxidante mediante el método de radicales libres 2,2-difenil-1-picryhydraci (DPPH). Resultados. Los rendimientos de extracción variaron de 0,29 a 0,43%, con una tasa de extracción positiva de 0,0367 %/ psi, densidad alrededor de 0,996 (g/ml) con resultados similares para presiones de extracción de 8 y 10 psi en ambas especies, con un índice de refracción de 1,52 para el aceite esencial y 1,33 hidrolatos y un aumento de la acidez con presión de extracción de 2,69 a 5,46 mg KOH/g. La capacidad antioxidante en las dos muestras fueron diferentes entre 14,258 a 017.030 μmol TEAC/ml mostrando una diferencia con la presión de extracción. En los aceites esenciales de la especie Piper. aduncum fue posible identificar 24 componentes químicos a para Borago officinalis, ambas especies presentadas como componentes principales para apiol en las tres presiones de extracción de un total de (14%). Conclusiones. Son una fuente componentes bioactivos que promueven las potencialidades antimicrobianas y antioxidantes para su uso como conservantes de alimentos.
Natural antioxidants have attracted increasing interest for use in the food industry. Objective. The research aimed to determine the bioactive components and antioxidant activity of matico (Piper aduncum) and borage (Borago officinalis) essential oils. Materials and Methods. The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation, and the extraction yield, relative density, ester index, refractive index and the percentage of solubility in ethanol solution were determined. The bioactive components were determined by mass chromatography (GC-MS), and finally the antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazide (DPPH) free radical method. Results. The extraction yields ranged from 0.29 to 0.43%, with a positive extraction rate of 0.0367 %/ psi, density around 0.996 (g/ml) with similar results for extraction pressures of 8 and 10 psi in both species, with a refractive index of 1.52 for the essential oil and 1.33 hydrolates and an increase in acidity with extraction pressure from 2.69 to 5.46 mg KOH/g. The antioxidant capacity in the two samples were different between 14.258 to 017.030 μmol TEAC/ml showing a difference with extraction pressure. In the essential oils of Piper. aduncum species it was possible to identify 24 chemical components to for Borago officinalis, both species presented as main components for apiol in the three extraction pressures out of a total of (14%). Conclusions. They are a source of bioactive components that promote antimicrobial and antioxidant potentialities for use as food preservatives.
Natural antioxidants have attracted increasing interest for use in the food industry. Objective. The research aimed to determine the bioactive components and antioxidant activity of matico (Piper aduncum) and borage (Borago officinalis) essential oils. Materials and Methods. The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation, and the extraction yield, relative density, ester index, refractive index and the percentage of solubility in ethanol solution were determined. The bioactive components were determined by mass chromatography (GC-MS), and finally the antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazide (DPPH) free radical method. Results. The extraction yields ranged from 0.29 to 0.43%, with a positive extraction rate of 0.0367 %/ psi, density around 0.996 (g/ml) with similar results for extraction pressures of 8 and 10 psi in both species, with a refractive index of 1.52 for the essential oil and 1.33 hydrolates and an increase in acidity with extraction pressure from 2.69 to 5.46 mg KOH/g. The antioxidant capacity in the two samples were different between 14.258 to 017.030 μmol TEAC/ml showing a difference with extraction pressure. In the essential oils of Piper. aduncum species it was possible to identify 24 chemical components to for Borago officinalis, both species presented as main components for apiol in the three extraction pressures out of a total of (14%). Conclusions. They are a source of bioactive components that promote antimicrobial and antioxidant potentialities for use as food preservatives.
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Vol. 7, No. 21