DEPRESION, ANSIEDAD Y ESTRES EN PERSONAL DE SALUD QUE LABORA EN UN HOSPITAL

Abstract

Contexto y problemática. La pandemia por COVID-19 ocasionó aislamiento social, mortalidad, miedo a morir, aprender nuevos algoritmos y procedimientos, todo esto perturbó la salud mental del trabajador sanitario, afectando su capacidad para realizar la labor asistencial. Objetivo. Determinar los factores asociados a trastornos mentales en personal de salud que labora en un hospital. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico, se realizó de abril a mayo de 2021, participaron 262 trabajadores sanitarios, se excluyeron aquellos con incapacidad o permiso por ser vulnerable para contraer COVID-19, y se eliminaron encuestas incompletas. Se aplicó una ficha sociodemográfica, la escala de depresión de Zung, el test de ansiedad y estrés de Hamilton. Resultados. En depresión, estrés y ansiedad el grado que predominó fue el leve con 20.6%, 60.7% y 53.8% respectivamente. Ser mujer se asoció a depresión (OR 2.1; IC95% 1.1-3.9), ansiedad (OR 3.3; IC95% 1.8-6.2) y estrés (OR 3.1; IC95% 1.8-5.5); laborar en área COVID-19 fue factor de riesgo en depresión (OR 3.4; IC95% 1.5-7.7), ansiedad (OR 9.2; IC95% 3.9-22) y estrés (OR 3.7; IC95% 1.8-7.6); y laborar tiempo extra se asoció a depresión (OR 3.3; IC95% 1.3-7.9) y estrés (OR 5.3; IC95% 2.2-13.3). Conclusiones. Los factores asociados a trastornos mentales fueron ser mujer, laborar tiempo extra y estar en área COVID-19.

Context and problem. The COVID-19 pandemic caused social isolation, mortality, fear of dying, learning new algorithms and procedures, all of which disrupted the mental health of healthcare workers, affecting their ability to perform care work. Objective. To determine the factors associated with mental disorders in health personnel working in a hospital. Materials and methods. Analytical cross-sectional study , conducted from April to May 2021, 262 healthcare workers participated, those with disability or leave due to being vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 were excluded, and incomplete surveys were eliminated. A sociodemographic form, the Zung depression scale, and the Hamilton anxiety and stress test were applied. Results. In depression, stress and anxiety, the predominant degree was mild with 20.6%, 60.7% and 53.8% respectively. Being a woman was associated with depression (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1-3.9), anxiety (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.8-6.2) and stress (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.8-5.5); working in the COVID-19 area was a risk factor for depression (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.5-7.7), anxiety (OR 9.2; 95% CI 3.9-22) and stress (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.8-7.6); and working overtime was associated with depression (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.3-7.9) and stress (OR 5.3; 95% CI 2.2-13.3). Conclusions. Factors associated with mental disorders were being a woman, working overtime, and being in a COVID-19 area.