Dinámica poblacional de insectos plaga del limón sutil en dos zonas agroecológicas de Manabí, Ecuador
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Abstract
El cultivo de limón es muy importante en la economía mundial, su producción está limitada por el ataque de plagas. El objetivo de la investigación es estudiar la dinámica poblacional de los insectos plaga del limón sutil en dos zonas agro ecológicas de Manabí, Ecuador. El estudio se realizó entre agosto/2018 y julio/2019, en fincas, una para la localidad de Colón (Longitud: O80º24'47'', Latitud: S1º6'47'') y para la localidad de Riochico (Longitud: O80º24'59'', Latitud: S0º59'42''). Se determinó la dinámica poblacional de insectos plaga por un año en una finca productora de limón de ocho años de edad, para los distritos de Colón y Riochico donde se realizaron evaluaciones una vez al mes. La metodología empleada fue seleccionar 10 árboles al azar, de cada árbol se evaluó un número determinado de hojas, esto permitió establecer poblaciones de cada una de estas plagas (Castaño, 1996; Cañarte 2001). Se estudió la población de los insectos plaga Phyllocnistis citrella, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Toxoptera aurantii y factores climatológicos (temperatura, humedad relativa y precipitación) de las zonas analizadas. Se concluyó que las mayores poblaciones de los fitófagos Toxoptera aurantii y Aleurothrixus floccosus se concentraron entre los meses de junio a diciembre correspondientes a la estación seca, con Phyllocnistis citrella los meses de mayor captura comprendieron entre enero y mayo, durante la estación lluviosa. Las condiciones de baja humedad relativa, escasa precipitación y temperatura favorecieron el desarrollo de A. floccosus y T. aurantii. Condiciones de alta humedad relativa, abundante precipitación y temperatura cálida aportaron al desarrollo de P. citrella. Los estados vegetativos están relacionados con la mayor sensibilidad del cultivo a estas plagas, contribuyendo a determinar los momentos más oportunos, para realizar tratamientos y poder controlar los daños.
Lemon cultivation is very important in the world economy, its production is limited by pest attacks. The objective of the research is to study the population dynamics of pest insects of subtle lemon in two agro-ecological zones of Manabí, Ecuador. The study was carried out between August/2018 and July/2019, on farms, one for the town of Colón (Longitude: O80º24'47'', Latitude: S1º6'47'') and for the town of Riochico (Longitude: O80º24'59'', Latitude: S0º59'42''). The population dynamics of pest insects was determined for one year in an eight-year-old lemon producing farm, for the districts of Colón and Riochico where evaluations were carried out once a month. The methodology used was to select 10 trees at random, from each tree a certain number of leaves were evaluated, this allowed establishing populations of each of these pests (Castaño, 1996; Cañarte 2001). The population of the pest insects Phyllocnistis citrella, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Toxoptera aurantii and climatological factors (temperature, relative humidity and precipitación) of the analyzed areas were studied. It was concluded that the largest populations of the phytophages Toxoptera aurantii and Aleurothrixus floccosus were concentrated between the months of June to December corresponding to the dry season, with Phyllocnistis citrella the months of greatest capture were between January and May, during the rainy season. The conditions of low relative humidity, low precipitation and temperature favored the development of A. floccosus and T. aurantii. Conditions of high relative humidity, abundant precipitation and warm temperature contributed to the development of P. citrella. The vegetative states are related to the greater sensitivity of the crop to these pests, helping to determine the most opportune moments to carry out treatments and be able to control the damage.
Lemon cultivation is very important in the world economy, its production is limited by pest attacks. The objective of the research is to study the population dynamics of pest insects of subtle lemon in two agro-ecological zones of Manabí, Ecuador. The study was carried out between August/2018 and July/2019, on farms, one for the town of Colón (Longitude: O80º24'47'', Latitude: S1º6'47'') and for the town of Riochico (Longitude: O80º24'59'', Latitude: S0º59'42''). The population dynamics of pest insects was determined for one year in an eight-year-old lemon producing farm, for the districts of Colón and Riochico where evaluations were carried out once a month. The methodology used was to select 10 trees at random, from each tree a certain number of leaves were evaluated, this allowed establishing populations of each of these pests (Castaño, 1996; Cañarte 2001). The population of the pest insects Phyllocnistis citrella, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Toxoptera aurantii and climatological factors (temperature, relative humidity and precipitación) of the analyzed areas were studied. It was concluded that the largest populations of the phytophages Toxoptera aurantii and Aleurothrixus floccosus were concentrated between the months of June to December corresponding to the dry season, with Phyllocnistis citrella the months of greatest capture were between January and May, during the rainy season. The conditions of low relative humidity, low precipitation and temperature favored the development of A. floccosus and T. aurantii. Conditions of high relative humidity, abundant precipitation and warm temperature contributed to the development of P. citrella. The vegetative states are related to the greater sensitivity of the crop to these pests, helping to determine the most opportune moments to carry out treatments and be able to control the damage.
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Vol. 10, No. 3