Análisis del riesgo ambiental producto de pasivos ambientales de YPFB, generados en la limpieza de contenedores en inmediaciones de la Refinería Gualberto Villarroel (Cochabamba-Bolivia) y propuesta de medidas correctivas
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
En los últimos años se ha visto una creciente preocupación por la generación de pasivos ambientales en Bolivia ocasionados por la producción y refinación del petróleo. Estas actividades generan efectos negativos en el ambiente y en la población expuesta. La investigación se centró en el análisis del riesgo de los pasivos ambientales generados por la refinería Gualberto Villarroel YPFB en las proximidades del Distrito 8 (zona Sur de Cochabamba) a fin de proponer medidas correctivas. Para tal efecto, se evaluó la amenaza potencial a partir del estudio de suelo y agua en laboratorio (cromatografía de gases); así como el nivel de vulnerabilidad considerando la percepción de los pobladores de la zona sobre el impacto de estos pasivos en su salud y medio ambiente. Los resultados muestran una zonificación gradual del riesgo, dado que tanto la amenaza como la vulnerabilidad se relacionan con la cercanía de la Refinería YPFB, es así que en la zona de riesgo alto se evidenciaron concentraciones de Hidrocarburos Totales de Petróleo (HPT) en algunas muestras de suelo (1700 mg kg-1) y agua (100 mg L-1) por encima de los límites permisibles de la reglamentación ambiental boliviana. En tal sentido se recomendó adaptar técnicas de aireación y landfarming para minimizar los HPT del suelo, y sistemas de fitorremediación en los canales de agua.
In recent years there has been a growing concern for the generation of environmental liabilities in Bolivia caused by the production and refining of oil. These activities generate negative effects on the environment and on the exposed population. The research focused on risk analysis of environmental liabilities generated by Gualberto Villarroel refinery in the vicinity YPFB District 8 (Cochabamba South zone) to propose corrective measures. To this end, the potential threat from the study of soil and water laboratory (gas chromatography) was evaluated; and the level of vulnerability considering the perception of the residents of the area about the impact of these passives on their health and environment. The results show a gradual zoning risk, since both the threat and vulnerability relate to the proximity of the YPFB refinery, so that in the high-risk zone concentrations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) were found in some samples soil (1700 mg kg-1) and water (100 mg L-1) above permissible limits of Bolivian environmental regulations. In this regard it was recommended adapting aeration techniques and HPT Landfarming to minimize soil and phytoremediation systems in waterways.
In recent years there has been a growing concern for the generation of environmental liabilities in Bolivia caused by the production and refining of oil. These activities generate negative effects on the environment and on the exposed population. The research focused on risk analysis of environmental liabilities generated by Gualberto Villarroel refinery in the vicinity YPFB District 8 (Cochabamba South zone) to propose corrective measures. To this end, the potential threat from the study of soil and water laboratory (gas chromatography) was evaluated; and the level of vulnerability considering the perception of the residents of the area about the impact of these passives on their health and environment. The results show a gradual zoning risk, since both the threat and vulnerability relate to the proximity of the YPFB refinery, so that in the high-risk zone concentrations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) were found in some samples soil (1700 mg kg-1) and water (100 mg L-1) above permissible limits of Bolivian environmental regulations. In this regard it was recommended adapting aeration techniques and HPT Landfarming to minimize soil and phytoremediation systems in waterways.
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Vol. 7, No. 3