A Green Routing Mathematical Model for IoT Networks in Critical Energy Environments

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a multi-objective mathematical optimization model that is the underlying support for the proposal of a new routing algorithm that aims to extend the lifetime in IoT networks for applications in critical energy environment. The network lifetime is evaluated for three approaches: the Hop Count approach, the Energy Consumption approach, and the Multiobjective approach based on Free Space Loss and the battery energy level of the IoT nodes. After this evaluation, we compared the different approaches in terms of how many transmissions were possible to do under a particular approach until none path cannot be found from an origin node to a destination node. Finally, we conclude that the Multi-objective method was the best strategy for extending the network lifetime since building short distance paths and considering battery level of the IoT nodes every time is, in the long run, a better strategy than just building paths considering nodes with a high battery level or building paths minimizing the number of network hops.