Evaluación de la uniformidad de un sistema presurizado de riego por goteo para cultivos de zonas alto-Andinas de Bolivia
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Abstract
El riego tecnificado por goteo es de interés debido a su alta eficiencia de aplicación del agua. Todo el sistema requiere de un manejo adecuado que garantice el retorno de la inversión, y mucho más en zonas que no tienen tradición de riego como es el caso del Altiplano boliviano. Por tanto, es conveniente evaluar la instalación de este sistema para comprobar los criterios de diseño y monitorear las obturaciones de los emisores. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la uniformidad de aplicación de un sistema presurizado de riego por goteo en la Estación Experimental de Choquenaira del departamento de La Paz. La evaluación de la uniformidad del sistema de riego se basó en la metodología de Merrian y Keller, (1978) y la determinación del aforo del caudal fue por método de Centro Agua de la UMSS, en un área de 1.400 m².Las variables de respuesta estudiadas fueron: comportamiento hidráulico del emisor, análisis del desempeño de riego, indicadores de uniformidad del caudal y presión. La relación presión-caudal determinó que el flujo de circulación fue turbulento, lo que significa que no se tendrá problemas de obstrucción en los emisores. El coeficiente de uniformidad más desfavorable fue de 69,61% con coeficiente de variación de 13,68%. La velocidad de infiltración básica del suelo franco arcillo limoso fue de 6,54 mmh-1. Las dimensiones del diámetro de mojado fue de 14 cm de ancho y 18 cm de largo, con profundidad de bulbo húmedo de 10 cm h-1, con descarga de caudal de emisor de 1,4 l h-1. Estos resultados indican que la implementación de este sistema permite la obtención de muchos beneficios en la producción agrícola, que sumado al aprovechamiento de las aguas subterráneas, la producción y el rendimiento se incrementaría permitiendo la mejora del sistema productivo familiar.
The drip irrigation technology is of interest due to the high efficiency in the application of irrigation. The entire system requires proper management to ensure returns on investments, and even more in areas with no irrigation tradition as is the case of the Bolivian Altiplano. It is therefore appropriate to assess the installation of this system to check the design criteria. The objective was to evaluate the uniformity of application of a pressurized drip irrigation system at the Experimental Station of Choquenaira in La Paz. The evaluation of the uniformity of the irrigation system was based on the methodology of Merriam and Keller (1978) and determining of the flow monitoring, was conducted using the UMSS Water Center method, in an area of 1,400 m². The evaluated variables were: hydraulic behaviour of the emitter, irrigation performance analysis, indicators of uniformity of flow and pressure. The pressure-flow relationship determined that the water flow was turbulent, meaning that no obstruction problems will be observed on emiters. The lowest uniformity coefficient was of 69,61% with a coefficient of variation of 13,68%. The basic infiltration rate of silty clay loamsoil was of 6,54 mm h-1. The diameterof the wetted zone was 14 cmwide and 18 cm long, with depth of the wet bulb 10 cm h-1, with a discharge of the flow transmitter of 1,4l h-1. These results indicate that the implementation of this system allows to obtain many benefits in agricultural production, which added to the use of groundwater, would increase the production and yield allowing the improvement of the production system.
The drip irrigation technology is of interest due to the high efficiency in the application of irrigation. The entire system requires proper management to ensure returns on investments, and even more in areas with no irrigation tradition as is the case of the Bolivian Altiplano. It is therefore appropriate to assess the installation of this system to check the design criteria. The objective was to evaluate the uniformity of application of a pressurized drip irrigation system at the Experimental Station of Choquenaira in La Paz. The evaluation of the uniformity of the irrigation system was based on the methodology of Merriam and Keller (1978) and determining of the flow monitoring, was conducted using the UMSS Water Center method, in an area of 1,400 m². The evaluated variables were: hydraulic behaviour of the emitter, irrigation performance analysis, indicators of uniformity of flow and pressure. The pressure-flow relationship determined that the water flow was turbulent, meaning that no obstruction problems will be observed on emiters. The lowest uniformity coefficient was of 69,61% with a coefficient of variation of 13,68%. The basic infiltration rate of silty clay loamsoil was of 6,54 mm h-1. The diameterof the wetted zone was 14 cmwide and 18 cm long, with depth of the wet bulb 10 cm h-1, with a discharge of the flow transmitter of 1,4l h-1. These results indicate that the implementation of this system allows to obtain many benefits in agricultural production, which added to the use of groundwater, would increase the production and yield allowing the improvement of the production system.
Description
Vol. 3, No. 1