Origen temprano de las enfermedades: evidencias de la relación entre la exposición in útero a contaminantes atmosféricos y la salud post-natal
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
Los efectos de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud de las personas (e.g. enfermedades respiratorias, cardíacas) han sido ampliamente documentados. En las dos últimas décadas se observó una relación entre una exposición pre-natal a la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud a largo plazo (post-natal). La creciente incidencia de enfermedades idiopáticas en niños sugiere que la contaminación atmosférica perturba el desarrollo del niño durante la gestación. El presente trabajo hace una síntesis bibliográfica de estudios que presentan evidencias sobre los efectos de contaminantes atmosféricos en el desarrollo del feto y explican la aparición de enfermedades idiopáticas en niños. Los valores críticos de contaminación reportados en estos estudios son contextualizados en la realidad boliviana mediante un análisis exploratorio de la concentración de material particulado de 10 µm para tres puntos de muestreo en la ciudad de Cercado de Cochabamba utilizando datos públicos del Programa Nacional de Gestión de Calidad de Aire-Bolivia. Este trabajo pone en evidencia la necesidad de 1) incursionar en los estudios sobre la contaminación atmosférica y su relación con la incidencia de enfermedades idiopáticas en nuestra sociedad, y 2) comprender los mecanismos por los cuales las partículas en suspensión modifican a largo plazo el funcionamiento biológico del feto para que de esta manera, se puedan implementar acciones de prevención desde el embarazo y así mejorar a largo plazo la calidad de vida de las personas.
Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health (e.g. respiratory, cardiac diseases) have been largely documented. During the last two decades, a growing body of evidences has reported an association between pre-natal exposure to atmospheric pollution and diseases, often idiopathic, later in life. The increasing number of idiopathic diseases in children indicates that atmospheric pollution affects fetus development during gestation. This study presents a bibliographic synthesis of the main studies that report evidences of the effects of atmospheric pollutants over fetus development, and inquire how pollutants can disturb in utero development and promote idiopathic case disease in children. In order to inquire the potential consequences due to prenatal pollutant exposure could impact Bolivian society, the critical values for contamination reported on the reviewed studies are contextualized in the Bolivian society using public data of particulate matter concentrations of 10 µm for the city of Cercado, Cochabamba of the Programa Nacional de Gestión de Calidad de Aire-Bolivia. This study shows the need of 1) studies of air quality and air pollution and their relationship with idiopathic diseases in bolivian society and 3) to understand the mechanisms by which atmospheric pollutants disrupt fetus development and the effects on post-natal health. In this way, prevention programs during gestation could be implemented in order to enhance post-natal health.
Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health (e.g. respiratory, cardiac diseases) have been largely documented. During the last two decades, a growing body of evidences has reported an association between pre-natal exposure to atmospheric pollution and diseases, often idiopathic, later in life. The increasing number of idiopathic diseases in children indicates that atmospheric pollution affects fetus development during gestation. This study presents a bibliographic synthesis of the main studies that report evidences of the effects of atmospheric pollutants over fetus development, and inquire how pollutants can disturb in utero development and promote idiopathic case disease in children. In order to inquire the potential consequences due to prenatal pollutant exposure could impact Bolivian society, the critical values for contamination reported on the reviewed studies are contextualized in the Bolivian society using public data of particulate matter concentrations of 10 µm for the city of Cercado, Cochabamba of the Programa Nacional de Gestión de Calidad de Aire-Bolivia. This study shows the need of 1) studies of air quality and air pollution and their relationship with idiopathic diseases in bolivian society and 3) to understand the mechanisms by which atmospheric pollutants disrupt fetus development and the effects on post-natal health. In this way, prevention programs during gestation could be implemented in order to enhance post-natal health.
Description
Vol. 8, No. 3