Base militar estadounidense de manta y la influencia de su instalación y retiro en la percepción de los habitantes ecuatorianos
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Investigación y Negocios
Abstract
La teoría de las relaciones internacionales estudia las distintas corrientes de pensamiento que buscan brindar una visión sobre las relaciones internacionales como disciplina integrada dentro de la ciencia económica y política. El presente artículo analiza, desde dicha teoría, la política exterior de instalación y retiro de la base militar estadounidense de Manta y la manera cómo influyó en la percepción de los habitantes ecuatorianos. Inicia explicando la soberanía de estado como elemento clave de relaciones inter- nacionales asociada a la instalación y retiro de la mencionada base; y luego describe la opinión pública derivada de la firma del convenio de cooperación entre Ecuador y Estados Unidos sobre instalación y retiro de la base militar Manta. Se trata de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la revisión de documentos bibliográficos y en datos suministrados por medios de comunicación. Para obtener información sobre la opinión pública se realizó una entrevista no estructurada aplicada a expertos en relaciones internacionales, política y economía, así como, a profesionales de la comunicación social. Los resultados muestran que la motivación de Estados Unidos por instalar bases militares en países suramericanos era, inicialmente, la seguridad mundial, el apoyo bilateral, la lucha contra el terrorismo, y el control del narcotráfico, sin embargo, la opinión pública generalizada apunta hacia el hecho de que el establecimiento de bases militares está relacionado con otros intereses egoístas como el acceso a recursos naturales; además, según su percepción, provoca violación de derechos humanos y pérdida de soberanía.
The theory of international relations studies the different cur- rents of thought that seek to provide a vision of international relations as an integrated discipline within economic and political science. This article analyzes, from said theory, the foreign policy of installation and withdrawal of the US military base in Manta and the way in which it influenced the perception of the Ecuadorian inhabitants. It begins by explaining state sovereignty as a key element of international relations associated with the in- stallation and withdrawal of the aforementioned base; and then it describes the public opinion derived from the signing of the cooperation agreement between Ecuador and the United States on the installation and removal of the Manta military base. It is a research with a qualitative approach, based on the review of bibliographic documents and data provided by the media. To obtain information on public opinion, an unstructured interview was carried out applied to experts in international relations, politics and economics, as well as to professionals in social communication. The results show that the motivation of the United States to install military bases in South American countries was, initially, world security, bilateral support, the fight against terrorism, and the control of drug trafficking, however, general public opinion points towards the fact that the establishment of military bases is related to other selfish interests such as access to natural resources; In addition, according to their perception, it causes violation of human rights and loss of sovereignty.
The theory of international relations studies the different cur- rents of thought that seek to provide a vision of international relations as an integrated discipline within economic and political science. This article analyzes, from said theory, the foreign policy of installation and withdrawal of the US military base in Manta and the way in which it influenced the perception of the Ecuadorian inhabitants. It begins by explaining state sovereignty as a key element of international relations associated with the in- stallation and withdrawal of the aforementioned base; and then it describes the public opinion derived from the signing of the cooperation agreement between Ecuador and the United States on the installation and removal of the Manta military base. It is a research with a qualitative approach, based on the review of bibliographic documents and data provided by the media. To obtain information on public opinion, an unstructured interview was carried out applied to experts in international relations, politics and economics, as well as to professionals in social communication. The results show that the motivation of the United States to install military bases in South American countries was, initially, world security, bilateral support, the fight against terrorism, and the control of drug trafficking, however, general public opinion points towards the fact that the establishment of military bases is related to other selfish interests such as access to natural resources; In addition, according to their perception, it causes violation of human rights and loss of sovereignty.
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Vol. 16, No. 27