Browsing by Autor "Patricia Mollinedo"

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1,3,7-TRIMETHYLGUANINE FROM THE LICHEN STEREOCAULON RAMULOSUM
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2008) José Vila; Patricia Mollinedo; Yonny Flores; Olov Sterner
"Chromatographic fractionation of an acetone extract of the lichen Stereocaulon ramulosum afforded 1,3,7- trimethylguanine (1), perlatolic acid (2), methyl β-orcinolcarboxylate (3), atranorin (4) and galactitol (5). The structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry./ Cinco compuestos fueron aislados del extracto acetónico del Stereocaulon ramulosum, 1,3,7-trimetilguanina (1), acido perlatólico (2), β- orcinolcarboxilato de metilo (3), atranorina (4) y galactitol (5). Las estructuras moleculares fueron elucidadas por métodos espectroscópicos de RMN y espectrometría de masas."
A 5-methylcoumarin glucoside and a coumestan derivative from Mutisia orbignyana.
(Lund University, 2009) Yonny Flores; Gloria Rodrigo; Patricia Mollinedo; Björn Åkesson; Olov Sterner; Giovanna R. Almanza
The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts from Mutisia orbignyana afforded two major compounds: mutisifurocoumarin (1) and 5-methylcoumarine-4-β-glucoside (2). The completely assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data of compound (2) is presented for the first time as well as some reassignments of 13C NMR spectrum for compound (1), applying 2D NMR techniques. In addition, the antiproliferative effect on colon cancer cells (CaCo2) and the scavenging effect using the ABTS test were measured The results showed an interesting scavenging activity and a non proliferative effect on colon cancer cells./El extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas de Mutisia orbignyana presentó dos compuestos mayoritarios: mutisifurocumarina (1) y 5-metilcumarina-4-β-glucosilada (2). El asignamiento completo de RMN de 1H y 13C del compuesto (2) es presentado por primera vez, así como también algunos reasignamientos del espectro de RMN13C del compuesto (1), en ambos casos se aplico técnicas de RMN 2D. Además, se midió el efecto antiproliferativo sobre células cancerosas de colon (CaCo2) y el efecto como inhibidores de radicales libres usando la prueba ABTS, tanto de extractos como de compuestos puros. Los resultados muestran un interesante efecto antiradicalario en ABTS y un efecto no-proliferativo sobre células cancerosas de colon.
Açai ( Euterpe precatoria Mart. Arecaceae) from the Northern Region of Bolivia is not contaminated with Trypanosoma cruzi
(2022) OM Rollano-Peñaloza; N Roque-Marca; J. Mauricio Peñarrieta; Patricia Mollinedo; Clara I. Rodrı́guez; Daniel M. Larrea‐Alcázar
Abstract Chagas disease is a very important public health problem in America. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by vectors such as Triatomine insects. However, oral transmission is generating more T. cruzi infections than vectorial transmission in Brazilian Amazonic regions, probably due to the increased consumption of tropical fruits such as açai. Açai palms have become very popular due to its good nutritional properties. Açai fruits have different sources depending of their geographical origin. Açai palms ( Euterpe oleracea ) in Brazil are cultivated, while in Bolivia grow in wild populations and belongs to a different species, the solitary açai ( Euterpe precatoria ). Only açai from Brazil has been involved in T. cruzi oral transmission, while Bolivian açai has been regarded as disease free. In order to verify the absence of T. cruzi on açai products from Bolivia, we developed a method to detect T. cruzi DNA by real-Time PCR with internal controls for solitary açai. In this study we show that açai good manufacturing process did not interfere with the detection of açai or T. cruzi DNA. Finally, we report that freshly collected açai fruits and açai frozen pulps from Bolivia were not contaminated with T. cruzi .
AISLAMIENTO Y OBTENCIÓN DE DOS DERIVADOS DEL a-ONOCERIN
(2011) Atma‐Sol Bustos; Patricia Mollinedo; José A. Bravo; José L. Vila
From the Lycopodium clavatum species, an unusual triterpenoid: a-onocerin (1) was isolated. Also the semi-syntheticderivatives 2 and 3 were prepared out from...
Anti-infective assessment of Senecio smithioides (Asteraceae) and isolation of 9-oxoeuryopsin, a furanoeremophilane-type sesquiterpene with antiplasmodial activity
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Patricia Mollinedo; José L. Vila; Hugo Arando; Michel Sauvain; Eric Deharo; José A. Bravo
The search for anti-infective activity in the antipyretic plant Senecio smithioides was conducted. Petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and hydroethanolic (96% EtOH) extracts, and compounds 9-oxoeuryopsin (1), epoxydecompostin (2) and senecionine (3) were obtained from the aerial parts. All extracts and 1 were tested against chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (ref. chloroquine), Trypanosoma cruzi (ref. nifurtimox), Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani (ref. pentamidine), Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (ref. gentamicin) and, Neurospora crassa and Candida albicans (ref. ketoconazole). The PE extract exhibited the strongest in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum IC50 < 1.0 μg/mL. 1 was established as a potent antiplasmodial compound with an IC50 = 1.2 μg/mL, 5.2 μM. Other antiparasitic activities were recorded for all extracts and 1. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was negligible.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FOUR NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM A BOLIVIAN HIGHLANDS PLANT
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2006) Marcela Melgarejo; Patricia Mollinedo; Julio Enrique Ocampo Castro
"The study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial potential activity of four natural compounds isolated from different higher plants collected from Pazña (Oruro – Bolivia) on the Bolivian Altiplano. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against ten bacterial strains. Agar ditch diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of these compounds. Three of these four compounds exhibited considerable antibacterial activity."
Antimalarial Activity and Cytotoxicity of (-)-Roemrefidine Isolated from the Stem Bark ofSparattanthelium amazonum
(Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany), 1999) Verónica Francisca Loewe Muñoz; Michel Sauvain; Patricia Mollinedo; Jorgia Callapa; I. Gina Rojas; A. Giménez; Alexis Valentin; M. Mallié
(-)-Roemrefidine, an aporphine alkaloid isolated from Sparattanthelium amazonum Martius (Hernandiaceae) a vine from Bolivia, has been found to be active against both resistant and sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and against P. berghei in mice. The compound demonstrated no cytotoxic activity against three cell lines (KB, HEp-2 and HeLa).
Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones and Xanthones from Rheedia acuminata
(SAGE Publishing, 2011) Giovanna R. Almanza; Raúl Quispe; Patricia Mollinedo; Gloria Rodrigo; Ery Odette Fukushima; Rodrigo Villagomez; Björn Åkesson; Olov Sterner
Dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of Rheedia acuminata yielded three benzophenones with antioxidant activity, the new one named acuminophenone A (1), guttiferone K (2) and isoxanthochymol (3), along with the known xanthones formoxanthone C (4) and macluraxanthone (5). The structures were established through interpretation of their spectroscopic data, the stereochemistry of compounds (1) and (2) were resolved by experimental and computational experiments and their antioxidant activities were measured using the DPPH, ABTS and TEAC assays. The antioxidant results showed that metabolites 1, 4 and 5 had a better antioxidant activity than the reference compound quercetin. In addition, we evaluate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the CH2Cl2 extract as well as of the free radical scavenger compounds 1, 4 and 5 by the AMES Salmonella/microsomal test. No mutagenicity was found in the CH2Cl2 extract using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1537 and TA1538, with or without S9 metabolic activation. The pure compounds neither showed mutagenicity in TA 102 strain and the most important result was the strong reduction of mutagenic effect induced by hydrogen peroxide in S. typhimurium TA102, with or without S9, showed by the compounds 1 (more than 93%) and 4 (more than 88%) at 0.02 microg/plate.
Antioxidant potential and fatty acid profile of different canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) cultivars, raised in Bolivian Altiplano
(2023) Jimena Limachi; Susana Huanca; Grover Castañeta; Daniela Miranda-Flores; Valeria de Los Angeles Aponte Palma; Jorge Yañiquez; Leslie Tejeda; Patricia Mollinedo; K. Dimov; Teodora Popova
Though widely used in the Andes in the ancient times, canihua has been considered a forgotten crop for a long time. Only lately, due to increasing demand in European countries, canihua reveals significantly growing market potential. With the current scarcity of research about the composition, nutritional and healthy profile, this study aimed to provide new information about the antioxidant capacity and the fatty acid profile of Bolivian canihua cultivars with different grain colour. Samples of 28 cultivars were used in the study, divided into three groups according to the grain colour– light brown, pink and dark brown. Total antioxidant capacity, content of the total phenols and flavonoids, as well as fatty acid composition were quantified for the groups. The cultivars with light brown grains displayed the strongest antioxidant potential and the highest content of phenols and flavonoids. Regardless of the colour, canihua cultivars were rich in saturated fatty acids, linoleic and oleic acid. The pink grained cultivars displayed the most favourable fatty acid profile, with lowest amount of C16:0. Correlation analysis showed that total phenols and flavonoids, as well as saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids had strong and positive contribution for the antioxidant potential of the canihua grains.
Antioxidants and Nutritional Composition of 52 Cultivars of Native Andean Potatoes
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2020) Leslie Tejeda; Patricia Mollinedo; Enzo Aliaga‐Rossel; J. Mauricio Peñarrieta
Characterization of Bolivian chili peppers; antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, capsaicin and β-carotene concentration
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022) Leslie Tejeda; Pamela Elizabeth Vasquez Iriarte; Jimena Ortíz; Enzo Aliaga‐Rossel; Patricia Mollinedo; J. Mauricio Peñarrieta
Purpose Chili pepper pods are a worldwide used and cultivated spice with a high economic and cultural importance. Bolivia is a center of origin and diversification of important crops including wild pepper varieties, but little is known about the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and the Scoville and bioactive compounds of these chili peppers. The purpose of this study was to contribute with new data about the chemical composition and the Scoville scale of Bolivian Chili peppers. Design/methodology/approach A total of 26 samples of Bolivian Chili peppers were extracted using distilled water and methanol. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) methods. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin and Ciocalteu. Carotene, protein and ashes were determined by Bolivian analytical norms. Capsaicin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. All determinations were expressed as mean values± standard deviation of six replicates measured over three days of one extract. All values were less than 5% of coefficient of variation. Principal component analysis was applied to reveal patterns in the data. PC1 and PC2 together explained 78% of the total variance. Findings The protein content (3.8–6.3 g/100 g of dw) and the antioxidant activity (88.2 to 374 by FRAP and 87.0 to 172 evaluated by ABTS) studied in these species revealed that the values were above the average reported in the literature. The amount of pungency or capsaicin content expressed as Scoville Heat Units were reported moderately highly and very highly pungent (5,696–148,800 g dw) in several of the Bolivian peppers which demonstrates a good potential for capsaicin extraction and different applications for industry and as food ingredients. Originality/value This manuscript presents an important and novel contribution to the knowledge of the chili peppers in the region.
COMPOSICIÓN DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS EN CARNE DE LLAMA DE MERCADOS BOLIVIANOS, OBSERVACIÓN DE TRES MERCADOS DIFERENTES
(2020) Teodora Popova; Jimena Limach; Leslie Tejeda; Patricia Mollinedo; J. Mauricio Peñarrieta
El presente trabajo es un intento de caracterizar la carne de llama disponible en los mercados bolivianos más populares (departamento de Oruro) en términos de su perfil de ácidos grasos, con el fin de proporcionar información sobre su calidad nutricional y saludable y aumentar el interés de los consumidores bolivianos. en esta carne La carne de llama se obtuvo de tres mercados diferentes. M. Longissimus lumborum, así como el tejido adiposo subcutáneo e intermuscular, se sometieron a análisis del perfil de ácidos grasos y, además, la carne se comparó con la carne de otras especies. El tejido adiposo de la llama mostró una saturación significativa comparable a la observada en los depósitos de grasa de los animales rumiantes, sin embargo, se detectaron proporciones considerables de los beneficiosos C18: 1n-9 y C18: 1n-7 y también se observaron en el tejido muscular. M. Longissmus lumborum presentó un porcentaje considerable de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados esenciales (AGPI) (C18: 2n-6 y C18: 3n-3), ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), así como ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 de cadena larga (C20:5n-3 y C22:5n-3). Las ventajas de la carne de llama con respecto a su perfil de ácidos grasos se compararon con la carne de res, cordero y cerdo. Los datos indican que la carne de llama no debe considerarse inferior a las carnes mencionadas anteriormente. Presentaba una relación favorable de AGPI n-6/n-3, así como P / S, y bajo potencial aterogénico
CUANTIFICACION DE SAPONINAS EN MUESTRAS DE CAÑIHUA CHENOPODIUM PALLIDICAULE AELLEN
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2013) Bianca Guzmán; Dora L. Cruz; Juan Alvarado; Patricia Mollinedo
"The quantification of the saponin contents of grains of Chenopodium pallidicaule was carried out through UV/VIS analyses."
DEGRADACION DE CLOROFENOLES EN SOLUCIONES SINTETICAS UTILIZANDO HONGOS H3
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2011) Ilcia Bellot; Patricia Mollinedo; Rómulo Gemio; Isabel Morales; Mónica Moraes
"El Herbario Nacional de Bolivia ha colectado hongos degradadores de madera en la región de La Asunta, con elobjetivo de utilizar su potencial degradador de clorofenoles, los mismos que han sido evaluados. El hongo H3.ssp(sin especiación) fue seleccionado en cultivos in vitro y se cuantifico su capacidad degradadora para trescompuestos organoclorados: 4-clorofenol, 2,4-diclorofenol y 5-cloro-2-(2,4-diclorofenoxi)fenol ó Triclosan;muestras que fueron tomadas del extracto del caldo de cultivo. Los parámetros evaluados fueron la cinética deabsorción y desorcion de los compuestos clorofenolicos efectuado por los hongos (absorbatos), mediante la técnicade cuantificación de las concentraciones iniciales y finales por cromatografía de gases. La máxima adsorción declorofenoles conseguida por los hongos H3 fue para Triclosan seguida del 2,4-diclorofenol y finalmente el 4-clorofenol. La afinidad de la adsorción hacia clorofenoles mas sustituidos, se debe a la baja polaridad, es decircuantas más sustituciones tenga el fenol en la molécula será menos soluble en solventes polares (agua). Losclorofenoles atrapados por los hongos H3 fueron claramente dependientes del pH, por lo tanto, la adsorción de los clorofenoles se incrementa en función del pH. La desorción de los clorofenoles se ha conseguido utilizando metanolal 30% v/v. Y finalmente se ha logrado reportar que los hongos H3 son adecuados para ser utilizados por más de 5ciclos sin notable pérdida de la capacidad de adsorción."
DETERMINACIÓN DE TEOBROMINA, CATEQUINA, CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE TOTAL Y CONTENIDO FENÓLICO TOTAL EN MUESTRAS REPRESENTATIVAS DE CACAO AMAZÓNICO BOLIVIANO Y SU COMPARACIÓN ANTES Y DESPUÉS DEL PROCESO DE FERMENTACIÓN.
(2019) Jimena Ortiz S.; Milenka Chungara; Gabriela Ibieta; Isabel Alejo; Leslie Tejeda; Carmelo Peralta; Enzo Aliaga‐Rossel; Patricia Mollinedo; J. Mauricio Peñarrieta
El cacao Amazónico Boliviano silvestre (Theobroma cacao) es una especie que crece de forma natural en los bosques, se caracteriza por ser único en sabor y aroma dentro de los grupos de cacaos más finos, por este motivo, y durante tres años consecutivos ha sido reconocido y seleccionado en el evento internacional “Salón du Chocolat” Paris Francia, entre los mejores cacaos del mundo, caracterizado por su aroma y sabor. Estas características son directamente relacionadas con el contenido de compuestos químicos tales como los polifenoles y metilxantinas. En la presente investigación se determinaron las características funcionales químicas del cacao Amazónico Boliviano tanto silvestre como cultivadas en parcelas agroforestales de la región amazónica de Bolivia. Se cuantificaron teobromina y catequina por cromatografía líquida de Alta resolución HPLC, la actividad antioxidante total (TAC) por por los métodos ABTS y FRAP y el contenido total de polifenoles (TPH), en muestras, de grano de cacao antes y después del proceso de fermentación. Los valores obtenidos en este estudio son relevantes y esta información servirá para realzar las características que hacen especial al cacao Amazónico Boliviano, incrementando además su valor.
(E)-3-PRENIL-4-HIDROXICINAMATO DE METILO DE BACCHARIS SANTELICIS
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2006) J.Roberto Villagómez; Patricia Mollinedo; Giovanna R. Almanza
"La investigación de la especie Boliviana Baccharis santelicis dio como resultado la obtención del ester (E)-3-prenil-4-hidroxicinamato de metilo (Plicatina B), un derivado del ácido p-cumarico con elevada capacidad antioxidante (TEAC 3,4) comparable al compuesto de referencia quercetina, cuya estructura fue elucidada por técnicas de RMN 1D y 2D. Adicionalmente, se identificó ácido oleanólico y estigmasterol, dos compuestos de presencia común en plantas de la región andina de Bolivia."
ESTUDIO IN VITRO DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIFÚNGICA DE EXTRACTOS VEGETALES DEL GÉNERO BACCHARIS SOBRE CANDIDA ALBICANS
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2011) Silvia Valtueña Martínez; Patricia Mollinedo; Oscar Mamani; Giovana Almanza; Enrique Terrazas
"The research goal was to find alternatives for controlling the growth of microoganism. Thus antifungal activity was determined from polar an non polar plants crude extracts of Baccharis, using non-polar and polar extracts, of Baccharis latifolia, Bacharis genistelloides, Baccharis obtusifolia, Baccharis papillosa, Baccharis santelicis, genus, against species on ATCC strains of Candida albicans. Extract of Baccharis latifolia, growth inhibition was observed."
EXTRACCIÓN, SEPARACIÓN, E IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL CAROTENOIDE Y XANTÓFILO NEOXANTINA POR HPLC-MS DE LA ESPECIE ALIMENTICA INGA INGOIDES (RICH) WILLD, PACAY, COLECTADA EN COROICO, BOLIVIA
(2020) Willy J. Rendón P.; Galia Chávez; Marcelo Bascopé; J. Mauricio Peñarrieta; Patricia Mollinedo; Patricia Mollinedo
En el presente trabajo se describe el aislamiento y caracterización de neoxantina obtenida en la parte aérea de la especie vegetal Inga ingoides colectada en la localidad de Coroico del Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. La planta fue sometida a procesos de extracción y de cromatografía en columna sobre silica gel, con fase móvil de éter de petróleo/acetato de etilo de gradiente polar creciente. La fracción mayoritaria de cromatografía de coloración rojiza obtenida, fue sometida a cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas HPLC_MS determinándose la presencia de neoxantina.
First report of Peronospora variabilis causing downy mildew disease in cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) in Bolivia
(2021) Oscar M. Rollano‐Peñaloza; Valeria Palma-Encinas; Paola M. Nogales-Ascarrunz; Susanne Widell; Allan G. Rasmusson; Patricia Mollinedo
<title>Abstract</title> Cañahua (<italic>Chenopodium pallidicaule</italic> Aellen) is a semi-domesticated grain cultivated in the Andean highlands for millennia. Cañahua seeds have high nutritional value and it has become attractive because of its high resistance to frost, drought and saline soils. In May 2018, cañahua plants showed symptoms of the downy mildew disease caused by <italic>Peronospora variabilis</italic> which is known to heavily affect its tetraploid-relative quinoa. Besides the typical symptoms in the plant, visual confirmation of <italic>P. variabilis</italic> reproductive structures by microscopy was achieved. In order to verify the ability of <italic>P. variabilis</italic> to infect cañahua, an artificial infection in three cañahua varieties was performed. The three cañahua varieties were infected by <italic>P. variabilis</italic> and developed downy mildew disease symptoms. The pathogen identity was confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing of the <italic>PvCox2</italic> and <italic>PvITS region</italic>. DNA sequence identification confirmed that the <italic>P. variabilis</italic> that usually infects quinoa can also infect cañahua plants. Therefore, cañahua when grown next to quinoa must be carefully watched for downy mildew disease symptoms because <italic>P. variabilis</italic> can be a potential threat for future large scale cañahua agriculture.
Trichoderma harzianum T-22 and BOL-12QD inhibit lateral root development of Chenopodium quinoa in axenic co-culture
(Cogent OA, 2018) Oscar M. Rollano‐Peñaloza; Susanne Widell; Patricia Mollinedo; Allan G. Rasmusson
To investigate the symbiotic interaction of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on Chenopodium quinoa Willd. in isolation, we studied axenic co-culture of the T. harzianum isolates T-22 and BOL-12QD and the C. quinoa cultivars Kurmi and Maniqueña real. Neither T-22 nor BOL-12QD affected seedling growth during two days of co-culture in the early growth phase of rapid primary root extension. However, after longer axenic co-culture, T-22 and BOL-12 were found to significantly inhibit the overall growth of C. quinoa cv. Kurmi and Real, affecting also vitality parameters as seen for chlorophyll and betalains. Lateral root development was strongly inhibited in all plant−fungal combinations, leaving stunted lateral roots. These results suggest that T. harzianum has a general capacity to inhibit the growth of C. quinoa plants with a main effect on the lateral root development.