Browsing by Fecha, starting with "2025"

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Estimation of the anticipation effects of the metro project on real estate dynamics in Bogotá, Colombia
(University of Minnesota, 2025) C. Erik Vergel-Tovar; Juan Felipe García Sierra; Jorge Nicolás Álvarez; Simón Mesa; Ingrid Lorena Molano; Leonardo Canon-Rubiano; Laura M. Correa-Garzón
Studies of the impacts of rail-based mass transit systems on land values and real estate prices are scarce in the Colombian context. Most studies have focused on estimating the impacts of bus rapid transit systems (BRT), mainly in Bogotá. There is an emerging literature on rail-based systems impacts on urban development and land values in Medellín, Colombia, while there is also an emerging interest regarding the effects of the announcements of the two metro projects of Bogotá in the city’s urban spatial structure. This paper develops a quasi-experimental research design looking at the anticipatory effects of the two lines of the Bogota Metro program on real estate market dynamics between 2007 and 2023. We used databases generated by the private sector with new housing developments including housing unit attributes and we estimated spatial variables and urban attributes associated with the location of each real estate development project. Through hedonic price models with control variables that incorporate attributes at different scales, our study estimates the effects of the Bogota Metro Line 1 project (in construction since 2021) on prices per square meter of real estate development projects over time. Results of the analysis suggest that the regulations implemented by the city, establishing an 800-meter impact area along Line 1, have had positive effects on real estate market prices after 2016, while results found no changes on real estate development dynamics in terms of prices per square meter due to the announcements of the planned second line of the metro project. We also included statistical analysis using isochrones based on walking distances to future metro stations. We found that the positive effects are taking place in all isochrones for the first line, while there are differences in the case of the second line of the metro project. Based on these findings, we provide guidelines for future research including public policy recommendations for the local and national government regarding value capture opportunities associated with the announcement of large-scale rail based urban transport projects.
Association between trust in the incumbent president and COVID-19 preventive behaviors during the pandemic in four Latin American countries
(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2025) Juliana Mejía-Grueso; Glória Isabel Niño Cruz; Javiera Alarcón-Aguilar; Pablo Roa; Sergio Moreno; Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino; Alexandre Augusto de Paula da Silva; Fernándo López; Deborah Salvo; Rodrigo Siqueira Reis
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed disparities in policy responses in Latin America. We examined the association between trust in the president and COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. We used data from the Collaborative COVID-19 Response Survey by the McDonnell Academy at Washington University in St. Louis (United States), from September 2020 to March 2021. Nonprobabilistic sampling included adult citizens from the four countries. Multivariate negative binomial regression models were applied. The study included 8,125 participants, with Brazil showing the lowest adherence to preventive behaviors (65.5%). Increased adoption of preventive behaviors was linked with ages 18-26 (aIRR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.01-1.09), 60 or more (aIRR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.05-1.15), and high socioeconomic status (aIRR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.05-1.13). Decreased engagement was linked to participants from Brazil (aIRR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.71-0.78), Mexico (aIRR = 0.95; 95%CI: 0.92-0.99), basic education (aIRR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.68-0.84), intermediate education (aIRR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.85-0.91), low socioeconomic status (aIRR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.87-0.94), lack of concern about contracting COVID-19 (aIRR = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.88-0.98), and poor knowledge about COVID-19 (aIRR = 0.92; 95%CI: 0.88-0.96). No significant association was found between trust in the president and preventive behaviors. Targeted communication, public education, and improved access to reliable information are crucial for fostering preventive behaviors. Public health practitioners should not overly concern themselves with political rhetoric, as our study suggests that trust in political authorities may not systematically affect compliance with directives.
El Acoso y el Ciberacoso Escolar en los Adolescentes Bolivianos: la Orientación Sexual y su Impacto en la Salud Mental
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid, 2025) Juan Pablo Mollo-Torrico; Maite Garaigordobil
Bullying/cyberbullying has serious consequences for mental health. This study has three aims: (1) to identify the prevalence of victims and cybervictims, (2) to analyze differences based on sexual orientation, and (3) to compare the mental health of heterosexual and non-heterosexual adolescents who have been victims and cybervictims. The sample consists of 1,558 students from Cochabamba (Bolivia), aged 13 to 17 years. The results present: (1) victims: 68.3% (18.9% severe), the most prevalent behaviors suffered being verbal (55.1%) and physical (31.5%) aggressions; cybervictims: 59.1% (13.9% severe), and offensive-insulting messages, password theft, being the object of defamation-rumors, and receiving anonymous calls to create fear as the four most prevalent cyberbehaviors; (2) there was a higher percentage of non-heterosexual victims and cybervictims; and (3) non-heterosexual victims and cybervictims had greater total depression, social anxiety, greater diversity of psychopathological symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest the need to use systematic detection-evaluation measures in educational centers, and implement anti-bullying/cyberbullying programs containing activities to promote tolerance towards sexual diversity.
Los nuevos instrumentos para la operación de la política social en México (2018-2024)
(El Colegio de México, 2025) Guillermo M. Cejudo; Damián Ignacio Lugo Gutiérrez
Este artículo analiza el diseño y la implementación de los cuatro instrumentos procedimentales centrales para la operación de la política social del gobierno de Andrés Manuel López Obrador: los superdelegados, el Censo del Bienestar, los Servidores de la Nación y los Centros Integradores de Desarrollo. Tras describir el modelo que suponía su operación eficaz, analizamos la operación real de cada uno de esos componentes, con base en documentos oficiales, notas periodísticas, evaluaciones de programas y la incipiente literatura académica en la materia. Contrastamos lo esperado de su funcionamiento con la manera en que efectivamente fueron desplegados. Argumentamos que su eficacia fue diferenciada y que requirieron calibración continua durante el sexenio, siendo algunos descartados y otros sustituidos. Concluimos que estos instrumentos procedimentales operan de forma desarticulada, sin alcanzar las sinergias necesarias para la articulación efectiva de los programas sociales: no logran identificar apropiadamente a beneficiarios, caracterizar sus necesidades, acercar la oferta gubernamental a las personas, entregar los bienes o servicios ni monitorearlos.
Development of a picosatellite for academic purposes for emerging countries
(2025) Jorge Soliz; Alejandro Jaimes; Coral Ovando; Mishel Cuiza
In Bolivia, like in most Latin American countries space projects are increasing, and this phenomenon leads to the need to train new professionals in space issues. For this reason, universities and academic centres require specialised equipment in this area. Unfortunately, this equipment has high costs (equipment such as CubeSat kit, educational satellites, satellite kit, etc.). Due to this, the design and construction of an educational and low-cost picosatellite kit with its respective signal reception equipment were necessary. The kit consists of an educational picosatellite, with a ground station, that is intended to become the perfect tool for practical training in space engineering at different levels. Potential users range from primary schools, where STEM skills development is pursued, to university engineering courses and, even, engineering companies. Additionally, this real satellite simulator offers a wide variety of educational activities without compromising cost.
Del campo al plato: prácticas alimentarias y resistencia indígena en Colombia
(Anthropology of Food, 2025) Virginie Laurent
En Colombia, los años 1970 marcaron el inicio de una lucha llevada por los pueblos indígenas para reivindicar su acceso a la tierra y la protección de sus modos de vida dentro de sus territorios colectivos. Dos décadas después, la constitución adoptada en 1991 reconoció el carácter pluriétnico y multicultural de la nación. Dentro de este contexto, la comida autóctona cumple una significativa función social y política, tanto desde los alimentos que la componen, como a través de la manera en la que se comparte dentro, pero también fuera, de las comunidades indígenas. Partiendo de una perspectiva etnográfica, este artículo se enfoca en cómo las prácticas alimentarias de los pueblos indígenas han servido como palanca de su resistencia en Colombia. En especial, examina la forma en la que, simbólica y materialmente, se expresa este vínculo “del campo al plato”.
Building peace, building states? Examining the Humanitarian – Development – Peace Nexus in Colombia’s PDET regions
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Angelika Rettberg; Federico Dupont
The proverbial strategy free relatives and logical relations
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Tomas Andres Barrero Guzman
Experimental Validation and Parametrisation of a High Impedance Fault Model for Overhead Distribution Networks Vegetation Simulations: Insights From Medium Voltage Laboratory Tests on Tree Branches
(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2025) Juan Carlos Huaquisaca Paye; João Paulo Abreu Vieira; André P. Leão; Jonathan Muñoz Tabora; Ghendy Cardoso
ABSTRACT The detection and localisation of high impedance faults (HIFs) in overhead distribution networks, particularly those caused by tree contact, remain challenging due to their low fault current magnitude, nonlinear behaviour, and high waveform variability. This study addresses these challenges by experimentally validating and parameterising a two‐variable‐resistor series model for HIFs. Controlled tests were conducted at the 13.8 kV Extra High Voltage Laboratory (LEAT) of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Brazil, using three tree types to collect waveform data. The faults were modelled in ATPDraw software and validated through waveform comparisons, achieving an R 2 coefficient above 0.89, demonstrating excellent agreement between simulated and measured signals. Additionally, comprehensive parameterised data tables detailing resistance variations over time and voltage are provided. These findings not only reduce the need for costly experimental setups in early‐stage studies but also provide a solid foundation for developing and testing advanced HIF detection and localisation algorithms, thus contributing to improved power distribution system reliability.
Machine Learning Framework for Detecting Fake News and Combating Misinformation Spread on Facebook Platforms
(Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI), 2025) Poondy Rajan Y; Kishore Kunal; Arun Palanisamy; Senthil Kumar Rajendran; Rupesh Gupta; Vairavel Madeshwaren
The spread of fake news on social media platforms like Facebook threatens societal harmony and undermines the reliability of information. To address this issue, this research employs machine learning techniques to construct a robust and scalable framework for detecting fake news. Using a well-curated dataset of labeled Facebook posts containing both authentic and fake news, the study ensures a balanced representation for effective learning. Textual data was transformed into numerical features through Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) preprocessing, enabling seamless integration with machine learning algorithms. A variety of classification models, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest, were trained and evaluated. Six performance evaluations precision, accuracy, F1 score, recall, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve—were used to measure model effectiveness. The results highlighted Gradient Boosting as the most effective algorithm, achieving superior accuracy and overall performance. This framework demonstrates the capability of machine learning to automate the detection of misinformation, offering a scalable and efficient solution for preserving content credibility on Facebook. The study contributes significantly to the broader effort of combating misinformation, ensuring the dissemination of reliable information, and safeguarding public trust on social media platforms
Estrategia para la Gestión de Riesgos Financieros de las Entidades Aseguradoras Venezolanas
(Latin American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, 2025) Car-Emyr Suescum Coelho; Johnny Monasterio Pérez; Andrés Palumbo; Carluys Suescum Coelho
Las entidades aseguradoras en Venezuela operan en un contexto caracterizado por la volatilidad económica, la alta inflación y la incertidumbre política. En este contexto la presente investigación plantea como objetivo; proponer una estrategia para la gestión de riesgos financieros de las entidades aseguradoras venezolanas dentro del marco de referencia COSO ERM 2017. El diseño de investigación empleado fue de campo transeccional contemporáneo, con enfoque cualitativo y alcance descriptivo-proyectivo. Como técnica de recolección de información se emplearon entrevistas estructuradas a actores clave de la institución, con la finalidad de comprender y contextualizar la gestión de riesgos financieros. El análisis se realizó con base al desarrollo de categorías apriorísticas y emergentes y a la aplicación de la matriz FODA. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que en la empresa aseguradora existe conciencia de la importancia de la gestión de riesgos financieros de identificación, evaluación y mitigación, siguiendo la metodología recomendada por el marco referencial. Asimismo, esta experiencia permitió diseñar una estrategia acorde dentro del COSO ERM 2017, que a su vez podrá servir de soporte para replicar el éxito que ha tenido la empresa estudiada en materia de gestión de riesgos financieros.
How does the perception of safety on paratransit influence usage and willingness to pay
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Anna Tiede; Alejandro Czerwenka; Lucas A. Méndez; Lucas Blaquiere; Stefanie Gamarra; Leandro Gantier; Juan E. Cabrera; Jan Schlüter
This paper investigates how the perception of safety influences the decision on using paratransit in Cochabamba, Bolivia and how safety or safety improvements influence the willingness to pay (WTP) for paratransit, a service provided by many private organizations. Previous studies have already documented that paratransit in South America has a problem with insecurity, such as harassment, robbery, and other crimes. This research also shows that paratransit users in Cochabamba have in many cases already experienced crimes in traffic as well. Examining survey data by a logistic regression produced fairly robust results and makes it possible to predict and understand who will or will not pay for more safety. Many respondents indicated that safety impacts their decision to use paratransit. If the city of Cochabamba chooses to increase its transport fares for this purpose, policy-makers should differentiate fares according to social-demographic criteria, which have a major influence on residents' willingness to pay.
New distribution records of Gomphrena fuscipellita T. Ortu&ntilde;o &amp; T. Borsch (Amaranthaceae): a rare endemic from Bolivia
(Pensoft Publishers, 2025) Teresa Ortuño; Elmer Cuba; Daniel B. Montesinos‐Tubée; Svitlana Loza; Pablo Duchen
We report on Gomphrena fuscipellita T. Ortu&ntilde;o & T. Borsch, a species endemic to Bolivia&rsquo;s dry valleys. This species was initially described from a type specimen collected in 2005 in Cochabamba (Mizque Province) and an additional sample from Potos&iacute; (Charcas Province). However, after two decades, the species has been documented further across southern Bolivia. This study provides an updated geographical distribution, micro&#8209;morphological trichome descriptions, and ecological insights that refine habitat characterization and advance the understanding of its ecological and geographical features.
Computation of the dynamic axial modulus and activation potential of virtual self-healing asphalt mixtures with encapsulated rejuvenators
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Angélica Viana-Sepúlveda; Silvia Caro; Daniel Castillo; José Norambuena-Contreras
Narrativas Visuales en TikTok
(2025) Juan-Ignacio Martín-Neira; José Irarrázaval; R.F. Gomez
El presente estudio se centra en analizar cómo cuatro medios televisivos de España y Chile, han adoptado TikTok como herramienta para difundir el contenido científico. A través de un análisis de las publicaciones realizadas el 2023, se exploran las narrativas visuales utilizadas, clasificando las publicaciones según su tono y estilo, y de este modo relacionar la interacción del público con el tipo de mensaje. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer preliminarmente que el tono influye en los índices de engagement con los usuarios, sin embargo, no se pueden descuidar otros elementos como el formato o el contexto de la información.
Global Studies and Global International Relations: A dialogue from the global South
(Pluto Journals, 2025) Rafael Gustavo Miranda Delgado
The aim of this research is to analyze how the dialogue between Global Studies and Global International Relations contributes to a field of study by providing better tools for understanding the global South. It is argued that defining the global not only on a territorial geographical scale, but also on an ethical scale, understanding it as affecting humanity as an ethical community, resizes the object of analysis of the field of study presented here. This requires the argumentative constitution of global affairs, allowing for a better positioning of the interests of the global South on the research agenda.
Neurological emergencies in cancer: pathophysiological and prognostic implications with a focus on the elderly
(2025) Ana Esperanza Jeréz Álvarez; Ariel Sosa Remón; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Miguel Emilio García Rodríguez; Arian Jesús Cuba Naranjo; Yudiel Pérez Yero; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas
Introduction: Neurological emergencies in cancer patients are associated with high mortality. This mortality rate is particularly prevalent in the older adult population, for whom limited scientific evidence exists. The objective of this review was to describe the pathophysiological mechanisms and prognosis of the main neurological emergencies that occur in older patients with cancer and lead to their admission to the Intensive Care Unit. To this end, a narrative review of the literature available in databases and search engines such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar was conducted using the search terms: neuro-oncological emergencies, neurological complications, oncological intensive care, prognostic factors for cancer mortality, and their English translations. The review was conducted between November 2024 and March 2025. Forty-nine references from articles that met the inclusion criteria were used. Among the main results, it is worth highlighting that the main neurological complications described are predominantly metabolic encephalopathy, stroke, status epilepticus, and intracranial hypertension. These factors share mechanistic relationships with neurocritical patients in general, although cancer appears to be a significant factor in their onset and mortality prognosis. This is accompanied by other variables of prognostic interest such as advanced age, cancer stage, individual functional status, hyperglycemia, sepsis, septic shock, and artificial ventilation. It is concluded that pathophysiological and prognostic knowledge of critically ill older neuro-oncology patients is still limited and warrants multiple investigations in their own clinical context. This is because the greatest available evidence corresponds to young adult neurocritical patients without cancer.
Acceptability of a culturally-adapted, evidence-based mental health intervention for Venezuelan migrant youth residing in Colombia
(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Alethea Desrosiers; Natalia Piñeros-Leaño; María Paula Jimenez; Samantha Plezia; María Piñeros-Leaño
Approximately three million Venezuelan migrants (VMs) currently reside in Colombia. Many are in need of mental health services but face significant difficulties accessing services. To improve service access and engagement, we culturally adapted and pilot tested an evidence-based mental health intervention integrated within entrepreneurship training in a community setting for VM youth in Colombia. Using participatory research and qualitative methods approaches, we explored the program's acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility. We recruited and enrolled 67 VM youth (aged 18-30) living in Bogotá, Colombia, who participated in piloting the intervention. We conducted semi-structured interviews with a subset of these participants (<i>n</i> = 16) at post-intervention to explore the intervention's acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility. Two bilingual research assistants analyzed qualitative data using thematic network analysis. Findings suggested that VM youth viewed the integrated intervention as acceptable and appropriate, noting that it was helpful to have a "safe space" to discuss difficult emotions. They also noted challenges to engaging in the intervention, including transportation time and balancing other life responsibilities with intervention participation. Findings point to the importance of engaging community member participants in the adaptation and testing process of mental health interventions to increase intervention fit with the target population.
Design and Development of a Podiatric Station Prototype for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Foot
(2025) J Jiménez; Rodrigo Martínez Severich; Eynar Calle Viles; Rommer Alex Ortega Martínez
Diabetic foot is one of the most frequent complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by the development of ulcers, infections, and a high risk of amputation. In Bolivia, approximately 6.5% of the adult population lives with this condition, and progressive foot injuries are common. In response to this problem, a functional prototype of a podiatric station—named PODIATECH—was designed and developed to support early diagnosis through structural and thermal foot analysis. The system comprises two main modules: a structural module that uses a flatbed scanner to capture the plantar footprint and applies the Hernández-Corvo index; and a thermal module that uses infrared imaging to detect temperature differences associated with circulatory alterations. The entire system is managed through a web-based platform that enables patient registration, clinical record consultation, and automated report generation. During preliminary validation, ten participants were evaluated, five of whom had a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes. In four of these cases, temperature differences greater than 2 °C were detected, corresponding to clinically relevant risk zones. No significant alterations were found in healthy participants. These results suggest that the system may serve as an effective tool for early diabetic foot screening. Further clinical trials with a larger sample size are recommended to assess the system’s performance and reliability in real-world settings.
Análisis de transiciones sistemáticas de la cobertura y uso de la tierra en Morona Santiago, durante el periodo 2000-2018
(2025) Karol Arellano Pérez; Santiago Bonilla‐Bedoya
INTRODUCTION. The analysis of systematic transitions using specific metrics allows the identification of causal and random patterns of change between land cover and land use categories in a study area. OBJECTIVE. To analyze changes and identify the most prevalent systematic transitions in land cover and land use in the province of Morona Santiago during the period 2000-2018. METHOD. This paper employs cross-tabulation matrix analysis that, by calculating metrics such as gains, losses, exchanges, net changes and total changes, allows the identification of systematic transitions in two periods: 1) 2000-2008 and 2) 2008-2018. RESULTS. The predominant systematic transitions for both periods of analysis correspond to the loss of “Forest” to be replaced by “Agricultural Land”, and the gain of “Agricultural Land” to replace “Forest”. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. These transitions are driven not by random exchanges but by a clear causal relationship, as shown by the classic “fishbone” pattern of deforestation, a well-documented phenomenon in the Ecuadorian Amazon, marked by shrinking forest cover and expanding agricultural land.