Lesión precancerosa: leucoplasia bucal. Reporte de caso

Abstract

Introduccion: La leucoplasia bucal es una lesion predominantemente blanca que no puede ser caracterizada como otra lesiondefinible. Posee un potencial de transformacion maligna, por lo que es catalogada como una lesion precancerosa. Su etiologiano esta aclarada totalmente; sin embargo, el combinar diferentes metodos de consumo de tabaco resulta un riesgo en laaparicion de esta lesion. Objetivos: Reportar un caso de leucoplasia bucal y resaltar la importancia de indagar sobre losfactores de riegos/etiologicos, asi como la prevencion, diagnostico y tratamiento de las lesiones leucoplasicas. Presentaciondel caso: Paciente masculino de 22 anos, procedente de estado Merida - Venezuela, consumidor de tabaco (cigarrillos y chimo), que presento una lesion en la lengua de color blanco no desprendible. Con base en los examenes clinicos y complementarios, se planifico una terapeutica por fases que comprendian desde concientizar para suspender los posibles agentes de riesgos (productos derivados del tabaco), hasta la realizacion de una biopsia. El resultado histopatologico aportocomo diagnostico: leucoplasia bucal. En la reevaluaciones clinicas no se evidencio recidiva de la lesion. Conclusiones:Identificar y erradicar los factores etiologicos es fundamental en la prevencion y tratamiento de las lesiones precancerosas como la leucoplasia bucal. Precancerous lesions: oral leukoplakia. A case study Abstract Introduction: The oral leukoplakia is a lesion generally white that cannot be characterized as any other lesion. It has apotential for malign transformation, for which it is seen as a precancerous lesion. Its etiology is not totally clear; however, thecombination of different types of Tabaco results in a risk for the manifestation of this lesion. Objectives: to report a case oforal leukoplakia and to highlight the importance of research on etiological factors and risks, as well as the prevention,diagnostic and treatment of the aforementioned lesion. The case report: a 22 years old male patient from Merida -Venezuela, consumer of tobacco (cigarettes and chimo – a form of smokeless tobacco), who presented a white non-removablelesion on his tongue. Clinical and complementary tests were performed. A phases therapy was planned, those phases includedfrom the promotion of awareness in order to suspend the possible risk factors (tobacco derived products) to biopsyprocedures. The histopatological results led to the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia; during clinical reevaluations there was noevidence of lesion recurrence. Conclusion: the identification and eradication of etiological factors is essential in theprevention and treatment of precancerous lesion as oral leukoplakia.