Determinación de características anatómicas cuantitativas de la madera mediante tecnologías de información geográfica.

Abstract

Quantitative wood anatomical features are measured using Geographic Information Technology (GIT), specifically a Digital Images Processing System (DIPS) and a Geographic Processing System (GPS) in micrographs of Hymenaea courbaril L., Erisma uncinatum Warm., Gmelina arborea Roxb. y Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W. S. Alverson. Three methodologies are used: first, a lineal measuring in tranverse section, tangential section and macerated tissue, using a traditional method (optical microscope). Second and third methodology was for study tissue proportions with a visual interpretation on screen (second method) and a semiautomatical processing (third method). Proportions measures with second and third methods are compared with a direct method using a digital planimeter. The following features are studied: xylematic proportions tissues (vessels, axial parenchyma, fibres, rays), vessels frequency, vessels diameter, vessel element length, pits diameter, fibre length, rays frequency and rays height. Comparations between direct and digital methodologies are presented with a statistical analysis, for lineal measures, based in ANOVA, Tukey test (a = 0.05). For proportions tissues, comparations are presented with the following tools: validation with a confussion matrix, confussion error, omission error, global precission, K statistical and mean square error. In lineal measures, direct and digital methodologies are similars according Tukey test and measures times are superior with application of direct method (optical microscope). In tissues proportions, direct and digital methodologies are similar according Tukey test and semiautomatical methodology shows confiable results only for vessel proportion.