CUANTIFICACIÓN DE SAPONINAS EN RESIDUOS DE QUINUA REAL CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD
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Rev. Bol. Quim
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se realizó la cuantificación del rendimiento de extractos y de saponinas en residuos de escarificado generados en empresas exportadoras de quinua de los departamentos de La Paz, Oruro y Potosí, determinándose que los rendimientos de extracción varían desde 36,0 % hasta 39,4 % p/p, mientras que el porcentaje de saponinas en el extracto varía desde 47,3 % hasta 56,2 % y de saponinas en el mojuelo desde 17,3 % hasta 22,1 %. Adicionalmente, se optimizó un método de extracción de saponinas por maceración con mezclas hidroalcohólicas, considerando los siguientes parámetros: Relación masa/volumen de extracción; tiempo de extracción y relación porcentual EtOH/H2O (v/v), determinándose que la mejor relación m/v de extracción es 1/9. El tiempo de extracción óptimo es de 72 h y la mejor mezcla de extracción es con 50/50 EtOH/H2O. El porcentaje de saponinas se determinó utilizando los métodos de Espuma, Espectrofotométrico UV y por cromatografía HPLC, observándose que no hay grandes diferencias entre los 3 métodos aunque el método HPLC es el que tiene menos error y debería utilizarse como método de control para los otros métodos que son más baratos. Además, es muy importante utilizar como muestra de referencia un estándar de saponinas de quinua en todos los métodos.
This work was performed to quantify the performance of extracts and saponins in residues generated by exporters of quinoa in the departments of La Paz, Oruro and Potosi, determining that the extraction yields range from 36.0 % to 39.4 % w/w, while the percentage of saponins in the extract ranged from 47.3 % to 56.2 % and saponins in the residues from 17.3 % to 22.1 %. Additionally, a method was optimized for extraction of saponins by maceration with alcohol/water mixtures, considering the following parameters: mass/volume ratio of extraction, extraction time and percentage of EtOH/H2O (v/v), determining that the best m/v ratio is 1/9. The optimum extraction time is 72 h and the better extraction mixture is 50/50 EtOH/H2O. The percentage of saponins was determined using the methods of Foam, UV spectrophotometry and HPLC chromatography, showing that there are no major differences between the three methods, although the HPLC method is the best with less error and should be used as a control for the other methods which are cheaper. In addition, it is very important to use a standard of saponins from quinoa as reference sample in all the methods.
This work was performed to quantify the performance of extracts and saponins in residues generated by exporters of quinoa in the departments of La Paz, Oruro and Potosi, determining that the extraction yields range from 36.0 % to 39.4 % w/w, while the percentage of saponins in the extract ranged from 47.3 % to 56.2 % and saponins in the residues from 17.3 % to 22.1 %. Additionally, a method was optimized for extraction of saponins by maceration with alcohol/water mixtures, considering the following parameters: mass/volume ratio of extraction, extraction time and percentage of EtOH/H2O (v/v), determining that the best m/v ratio is 1/9. The optimum extraction time is 72 h and the better extraction mixture is 50/50 EtOH/H2O. The percentage of saponins was determined using the methods of Foam, UV spectrophotometry and HPLC chromatography, showing that there are no major differences between the three methods, although the HPLC method is the best with less error and should be used as a control for the other methods which are cheaper. In addition, it is very important to use a standard of saponins from quinoa as reference sample in all the methods.
Description
Vol. 29, No. 2