Proceso de aprendizaje y enseñanza basado y orientado en el trabajo sociocomunitario y productivo
Abstract
En la primera parte de este trabajo, publicado en la revista Integra Educativa del III-CAB, hemos desarrollado algunas reflexiones muy importantes sobre el tema de la educación técnica, tecnológica y productiva desde la perspectiva de los cambios educativos que caracterizan actualmente a muchos países de la región latinoamericana y caribeña. Esta segunda parte intenta complementar la anterior mediante una reflexión más amplia y profunda de la educación sociocomunitaria y productiva, para lo cual se discute aspectos tales como la integración entre trabajo y estudio. Aquí analizaremos los conceptos de trabajo y su caracterización, siempre desde una perspectiva sociopolítica y trasformadora. Con la finalidad de fortalecer el análisis se hace una revisión profunda sobre el concepto de actividad, como elemento sustantivo de la relación entre el aprender haciendo, aprender investigando, aprender transformado y aprender deliberando. De la misma manera se desarrolla toda una discusión en torno al proceso de aprendizaje y enseñanza relacionado, orientado y basado en el trabajo productivo, creador y crítico, sin perder obviamente la visión central de su importancia para el sujeto, la comunidad y la complejidad social. En el presente documento se incorpora, además de lo visto en relación con la actividad, algunas ideas sobre la cognición situada, la cognición distribuida y la cognición crítica, todo lo cual tiene su respaldo en la teoría de la actividad y la teoría sociocultural. También intentamos sistematizar un conjunto de principios básicos del aprendizaje y la enseñanza orientados en el trabajo, culminando el documento con algunas líneas de acción, innovación e investigación en el campo de la unión entre trabajo, estudio, investigación, producción, formación, transformación sociopolítica.
In the first part of this work, published in the journal Integra Educativa of the III-CAB, we developed some important ideas about the topic of technical, technological and productive education from the perspective of the educational changes that characterize many Latin American and Caribbean countries at this time. This second part intents to complement the previous one with an expanded and more profound analysis of socio-communitarian and productive education, in which we discuss certain aspects, such as the integration of work and study. We analyze different conceptions of work, always from a socio-political and transformative perspective. With a view of strengthening the analysis, we develop an in-depth revision of the concept of activity, as substantial element in the relation of learning-while-doing, learning through research, learning-while-transforming and learning through deliberation. The article also develops a discussion of the related processes of learning and teaching, oriented and based in productive work, creator and critic, without losing view of the central vision of the importance for the subject, the community and social complexity. In addition to the discussion of activity, this article also incorporates some ideas about situated knowledge, distributed knowledge and critical knowledge, which are based on activity theory and socio-cultural theory. We also aim at the systemization the basic principles of work-oriented learning and teaching, concluding the document with some lines of action, innovation and research in the area of unifying work, study, research, production, formation, and socio-political transformation.
In the first part of this work, published in the journal Integra Educativa of the III-CAB, we developed some important ideas about the topic of technical, technological and productive education from the perspective of the educational changes that characterize many Latin American and Caribbean countries at this time. This second part intents to complement the previous one with an expanded and more profound analysis of socio-communitarian and productive education, in which we discuss certain aspects, such as the integration of work and study. We analyze different conceptions of work, always from a socio-political and transformative perspective. With a view of strengthening the analysis, we develop an in-depth revision of the concept of activity, as substantial element in the relation of learning-while-doing, learning through research, learning-while-transforming and learning through deliberation. The article also develops a discussion of the related processes of learning and teaching, oriented and based in productive work, creator and critic, without losing view of the central vision of the importance for the subject, the community and social complexity. In addition to the discussion of activity, this article also incorporates some ideas about situated knowledge, distributed knowledge and critical knowledge, which are based on activity theory and socio-cultural theory. We also aim at the systemization the basic principles of work-oriented learning and teaching, concluding the document with some lines of action, innovation and research in the area of unifying work, study, research, production, formation, and socio-political transformation.
Description
Vol. 4, No. 2