Evaluación de la fitotoxicidad de un lixiviado de Relleno Sanitario sobre Phaseolus vulgaris L y supervivencia de microorganismos de importancia sanitaria
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J. Selva Andina Res. Soc.
Abstract
En relleno sanitario la fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos urbanos genera un lixiviado (LX), mezcla química inorgánica e orgánica contaminante ambiental para definir el Índice de Contaminación de Lixiviado (ICL), el cual apoyado en modelo vegetal daría certeza del efecto negativo del LX. Además incluir la detección de microorganismos patógenos humanos (MPH) y bacterias mesófilas aerobias totales (BMAT) diferentes a coliformes fecales y totales tendría valor sanitario. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: i) analizar la fitotoxicidad de un LX en Phaseolus vulgaris, ii) detectar la existencia en el LX de MPH y BMAT. Con un bioensayo "in vitro" en cajas Petri y en Jarra de Leonard con semillas de P. vulgaris tratadas con LX a distintas concentraciones. Las variables respuesta del bioensayo fueron: porcentaje de germinación, fenología: altura de planta y longitud de raíz y biomasa: peso freso y seco aéreo y radical y la detección de los MPH y BMAT. Los datos experimentales se analizaron por Tukey p<0.05. Los resultados indicaron una inhibición y/o estimulación del crecimiento P. vulgaris en función de la composición química y dilución del LX, por el efecto toxico de sus metales pesados y alcalinidad extrema que evitaron la supervivencia de los MPH, pero no de las BMAT. Se concluye que un bioensayo con P. vulgaris define el grado de beneficio o toxicidad de un LX, y da validez al ICL. Mientras que es necesario investigar la importancia de BMHT en LX y su potencial de contaminación biológica ambiental.
In landfill, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste generated leachate (LE), a chemical inorganic and organic mix an environmental pollutant to determine by Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). A bioassay could give certainty to its negative effect. To include pathogenic human microorganisms (PHM) and mesophilic total aerobic bacteria (MTAB) different than fecal and total coliforms would have health value. The objectives of this research were i) analyzed the phytotoxicity of leachate on Phaseolus vulgaris and ii) to detect in LE the existence of HPM and MATB. A bioassay "in vitro" was made in Petri dishes and Leonard jars using seeds P. vulgaris treated by diluted leachate. The response variables of bioassay were: germination percentage, phenotype: plant height and root length, biomass total: fresh and dry weight of root and plant. Including HPM and MATB detection. Experimental data was analyzed by Tukey p<0.05. The results indicated that LE caused inhibition and/or stimulation on P. vulgaris; Leachate´s phytoxicity was depending on its chemical composition and level dilution, this suggests that toxic effect is due its heavy metals and extreme alkalinity, killing HPM in leachate but not MATB. A bioassay P. vulgaris is useful to define degree of benefical and/or toxicity of LE, and validate LPI. While is important to know the role of HPM in LE and potential environmental biological contamination.
In landfill, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste generated leachate (LE), a chemical inorganic and organic mix an environmental pollutant to determine by Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). A bioassay could give certainty to its negative effect. To include pathogenic human microorganisms (PHM) and mesophilic total aerobic bacteria (MTAB) different than fecal and total coliforms would have health value. The objectives of this research were i) analyzed the phytotoxicity of leachate on Phaseolus vulgaris and ii) to detect in LE the existence of HPM and MATB. A bioassay "in vitro" was made in Petri dishes and Leonard jars using seeds P. vulgaris treated by diluted leachate. The response variables of bioassay were: germination percentage, phenotype: plant height and root length, biomass total: fresh and dry weight of root and plant. Including HPM and MATB detection. Experimental data was analyzed by Tukey p<0.05. The results indicated that LE caused inhibition and/or stimulation on P. vulgaris; Leachate´s phytoxicity was depending on its chemical composition and level dilution, this suggests that toxic effect is due its heavy metals and extreme alkalinity, killing HPM in leachate but not MATB. A bioassay P. vulgaris is useful to define degree of benefical and/or toxicity of LE, and validate LPI. While is important to know the role of HPM in LE and potential environmental biological contamination.
Description
Vol. 6, No. 2