Potenciales abonos para uso en la producción orgánica: Manejo de residuos orgánicos municipales con activadores
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J. Selva Andina Biosph.
Abstract
En el Municipio de Tiquipaya se genera 22 t dia-1 de residuos sólidos, 63% son orgánicos y 37% inorgánicos. Dichos residuos son desechados al botadero municipal, convirtiendo el lugar en una amenaza para el medio ambiente y para la salud humana. Con el propósito de disminuir el efecto nocivo del mal manejo de residuos sólidos en el municipio de Tiquipaya, se desarrolló el presente estudio, considerando tres áreas de trabajo: la compostera y el vivero municipal de Tiquipaya, y las instalaciones de la Fundación PROINPA, inicialmente, el compostaje de los residuos se realizó con dos tratamientos: con y sin activador orgánico. Luego, estos fueron utilizados para el lombricompostado, donde se tuvo otros cuatro tratamientos, dos de ellos con y sin adición de activador orgánico. En el compost, a los 64 días, el activador logró reducir un 60.02% de volumen inicial, dejando un 39.99% de material grueso. Después del procesado del compost por las lombrices, se evaluó a los 47 días, donde el tratamiento con activador desde la fase del compostado logró reducir un 90.67% de volumen inicial, proporcionando mayor cantidad de materia fina en relación a los otros tratamientos, dejando solo 9.33% de material grueso. En el bioensayo realizado para evaluar la fitotoxicidad del lombricompostado sobre las plantas de cebada, mostró que los tratamientos con concentración del 50% presentaron porcentajes menores de germinación (40 al 50%). Por otro lado, con los tratamientos que contenían el 100% de lombricompost se obtuvo del 60 a 70% de germinación.
The Tiquipaya Municipality produces 22 t day-1 of solid, 63% of it is organic and 37% is inorganic. This waste is disposed of in the Municipal Landfill, rendering it into an environmental and health threat. In order to diminish the negative effects of poor management of municipal solid waste in Tiquipaya, we have carried out the present study in the Tiquipaya municipal composting site, the municipal nursery and the facilities of the PROINPA foundation. At the beginning, the waste composting was done using two treatments: one with organic activator and the other without it. Later the same two methods were used in worm composting, this second process in turn yielded other four treatments two of which included organic activator. After 64 days, within the compost, the activator achieved to reduce 60.02% of the initial volume, leaving a remaining 39.99% of thick material. After the compost had been processed by the worms it was evaluated on the 47th day, we found that the organic activator treatment used from the beginning of the composting phase, yielded a 90.67% decrease from the initial volume of fine matter, compared to the other treatments; it left only 9.33% of thick material. Bio-tests were conducted on barley plants to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the worm compost, these studies showed that treatments with a 50% worm compost concentration had lower germination values (40 to 50%). Whereas treatments that contained 100% of worm compost stood out for their higher yield that ranged from 60 to 70% in their germination values.
The Tiquipaya Municipality produces 22 t day-1 of solid, 63% of it is organic and 37% is inorganic. This waste is disposed of in the Municipal Landfill, rendering it into an environmental and health threat. In order to diminish the negative effects of poor management of municipal solid waste in Tiquipaya, we have carried out the present study in the Tiquipaya municipal composting site, the municipal nursery and the facilities of the PROINPA foundation. At the beginning, the waste composting was done using two treatments: one with organic activator and the other without it. Later the same two methods were used in worm composting, this second process in turn yielded other four treatments two of which included organic activator. After 64 days, within the compost, the activator achieved to reduce 60.02% of the initial volume, leaving a remaining 39.99% of thick material. After the compost had been processed by the worms it was evaluated on the 47th day, we found that the organic activator treatment used from the beginning of the composting phase, yielded a 90.67% decrease from the initial volume of fine matter, compared to the other treatments; it left only 9.33% of thick material. Bio-tests were conducted on barley plants to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the worm compost, these studies showed that treatments with a 50% worm compost concentration had lower germination values (40 to 50%). Whereas treatments that contained 100% of worm compost stood out for their higher yield that ranged from 60 to 70% in their germination values.
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Vol. 3, No. 1