Evaluación agromorfológica y análisis de componentes de rendimiento en doce accesiones de cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)
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J. Selva Andina Biosph.
Abstract
En la presente investigación, se realizaron el análisis estadística descriptiva, análisis de varianza, comparación de medias de Duncan, correlación múltiple y análisis de coeficiente de sendero, este último para determinar los efectos directos e indirectos, en cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen). El estudio se condujo bajo el diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones y doce tratamientos (accesiones de cañahua), durante la campaña agrícola 2009 y 2010. Los resultados muestran, la producción de grano en promedio general de 7.67 granos/pl, con un coeficiente de variabilidad de 23.1%, y con mejores rendimientos fueron las accesiones 455, 222, ILLPA-INIA y CUPI, logrado producir en promedio 12.28 granos/pl, 10.58 granos/pl, 10.29 granos/pl y 10.16 granos/pl, respectivamente. A través del análisis de sendero, se identificaron criterios de selección los componentes de rendimientos. En la accesión 455, el coeficiente de determinación del sistema planta estimada alcanzó un 36.5%, y se constituyeron principales componentes de rendimiento, número de ramas, cobertura vegetal y altura de la planta, con un grado de asociación y efecto directo de r=0.505 P=0.327, r=0.446 P=0.168 y r=0.417 P=0.196, respectivamente. En la accesión 222, los caracteres morfológicos que influyen en el rendimiento esta explicada en un 40.5%, y como mejor componente de rendimiento se ha constituido el número de ramas (r=0.462) (P=0.261), cobertura vegetal (r=0.514) (P=0.271) y altura de la planta (r=0.383) (P=0.047). En la accesión ILLPA-INIA, se ha determinado como mejor componente de rendimiento, el número de ramas (r=0.514) (P=0.318) y diámetro del tallo (r=0.479) (P=0.524), estos caracteres en su conjunto justifica que el sistema planta total definido fue 44.7% de la influencia directa. Accesión CUPI, en este cultivo los caracteres que influyeron en el rendimiento de grano está implicado en un 36.4% y con mejores caracteres morfológicos que han logrado influir de manera directa son; número de ramas (r=0.395) (P=0.165) y cobertura vegetal (r=0.573) (P=0.251). Estos caracteres morfológicos han jugado un rol importante en el desarrollo y estructura arquitectónica de la planta, que influyeron directa e indirectamente en el rendimiento de grano, y es importante prestar atención a estos componentes de rendimiento para el mejoramiento genético del rendimiento de granos en cañahua.
In the present investigation, they were carried out the analysis descriptive statistic, variance analysis, comparison of stockings of Duncan, multiple correlation and analysis of path coefficient, this I finish to determine the direct and indirect effects, in cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen). The study behaved at random under the design of blocks with four repetitions and twelve treatments (cañahua agreements), during the campaign agricultural 2009 and 2010. The results show, the grain production on the average general of 7.67 grain/plant, with a coefficient of variability of 23.1%, and with better yields they were the agreements 455, 222, ILLPA-INIA and CUPI, achieved to produce 12.28 grain/plant on the average, 10.58 grain/plant, 10.29 grain/plant and 10.16 grain/plant, respectively. Through the path analysis, selection approaches the components of yields were identified. In the agreement 455, the coefficient of determination of the system plants dear it reached 36.5%, and main yield components were constituted, number of branches, vegetable covering and height of the plant, with an association degree and direct effect of r=0.505 P=0.327, r=0.446 P=0.168 and r=0.417 P=0.196, respectively. In the agreement 222, the characters morphological that influence in the yield this explained in 40.5%, and as better yield component the number of branches has been constituted (r=0.462) (P=0.261), vegetable covering (r=0.514) (P=0.271) and height of the plant (r=0.383) (P=0.047). In the agreement ILLPA-INIA, it has been determined as better yield component, the number of branches (r=0.514) (P=0.318) and diameter of the shaft (r=0.479) (P=0.524), these characters in its group justify that the system plants defined total it was 44.7% of the direct influence. Agreement CUPI, in this cultivation the characters that influenced in the grain yield are implied in 36.4% and with better characters morphological that have been able to influence in a direct way they are; number of branches (r=0.395) (P=0.165) and vegetable covering (r=0.573) (P=0.251). These characters morphological have played an important list in the development and architectural structure of the plant that influenced direct and indirectly in the grain yield and it is important to pay attention to these yield components for the genetic improvement of the yield of grains in cañahua.
In the present investigation, they were carried out the analysis descriptive statistic, variance analysis, comparison of stockings of Duncan, multiple correlation and analysis of path coefficient, this I finish to determine the direct and indirect effects, in cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen). The study behaved at random under the design of blocks with four repetitions and twelve treatments (cañahua agreements), during the campaign agricultural 2009 and 2010. The results show, the grain production on the average general of 7.67 grain/plant, with a coefficient of variability of 23.1%, and with better yields they were the agreements 455, 222, ILLPA-INIA and CUPI, achieved to produce 12.28 grain/plant on the average, 10.58 grain/plant, 10.29 grain/plant and 10.16 grain/plant, respectively. Through the path analysis, selection approaches the components of yields were identified. In the agreement 455, the coefficient of determination of the system plants dear it reached 36.5%, and main yield components were constituted, number of branches, vegetable covering and height of the plant, with an association degree and direct effect of r=0.505 P=0.327, r=0.446 P=0.168 and r=0.417 P=0.196, respectively. In the agreement 222, the characters morphological that influence in the yield this explained in 40.5%, and as better yield component the number of branches has been constituted (r=0.462) (P=0.261), vegetable covering (r=0.514) (P=0.271) and height of the plant (r=0.383) (P=0.047). In the agreement ILLPA-INIA, it has been determined as better yield component, the number of branches (r=0.514) (P=0.318) and diameter of the shaft (r=0.479) (P=0.524), these characters in its group justify that the system plants defined total it was 44.7% of the direct influence. Agreement CUPI, in this cultivation the characters that influenced in the grain yield are implied in 36.4% and with better characters morphological that have been able to influence in a direct way they are; number of branches (r=0.395) (P=0.165) and vegetable covering (r=0.573) (P=0.251). These characters morphological have played an important list in the development and architectural structure of the plant that influenced direct and indirectly in the grain yield and it is important to pay attention to these yield components for the genetic improvement of the yield of grains in cañahua.
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Vol. 3, No. 2