Variabilidad genética de la colección del germoplasma de cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) de Bolivia
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
RIIARn
Abstract
Con el propósito de promover el uso del germoplasma de cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) de Bolivia, se realizó el estudio de su variabilidad genética a partir de datos de caracterización y evaluación de 744 accesiones. El trabajo se desarrolló en el Centro Quipaquipani de la Fundación PROINPA que se sitúa geográficamente a 16°40'26.5" latitud Sur, 68°18'5.76" longitud Oeste y a una altitud de 3881 msnm. Para determinar patrones naturales de variación genética, el grado de discriminación de las variables analizadas y los grupos de diferente variabilidad genética, se aplicaron dos técnicas univariadas (correlación simple, análisis de frecuencias) y cinco técnicas multivariadas (ACP, ACP no lineal, Correspondencia múltiple, agrupamiento no jerárquico K-medias y discriminante múltiple) sobre 17 variables cuantitativas y siete variables cualitativas. Los resultados indican que existe amplia variabilidad genética en cuanto a ciclo fenológico, tamaño de planta, cobertura foliar, rendimientos e índices de cosecha. Se identificaron variables agromorfológicas que son componentes del rendimiento, que facilitan los procesos de selección y mejoramiento genético. Las accesiones del germoplasma se clasificaron en tres grupos y siete subgrupos. Los subgrupos SG1, SG2 y SG3 con 445 accesiones de tipo Lasta, de ciclo tardío con buenos rendimientos de grano y broza que pueden ser utilizados en la producción de semilla y forraje; los subgrupos SG4 y SG5 con 73 accesiones de cañahua silvestre tipo Pampalasta que por su precocidad, porte bajo y amplia cobertura foliar puede utilizarse como cobertura natural en suelos degradados; y los subgrupos SG6 y SG7 con 226 accesiones de tipo Saihua, de buena altura de planta y estrecha cobertura foliar, que pueden facilitar la cosecha manual o mecanizada en parcelas de producción.
In order to promote the use of Bolivian Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) a genetic variability study was performed including agromorphologic characterization and behavior assessment of 744 lines. This activity was developed in the Quipaquipani Research Center belonging to the PROINPA Foundation. To determine natural patterns of genetic variation, the discrimination degree from the analyzed variables and to identify groups of different genetic variability, two univariate techniques (simple correlation, frequency analysis) and five multivariate techniques were applied to 17 quantitative variables and 7 qualitative variables. Results showed a wide genetic variability for phenologic cycle, plant size, leaf cover, yields and harvest indexes. The simple correlation analysis identified agromorphological variables that are yield components and that make easier selection processes. The analysis classified cañahua entries in three groups and seven sub-groups. Subgroups SG1, SG22 and SG31 are composed by 445 entries and assembly cañahuas of the Lasta type, late cycle and good chaff and grain yields that can be used for seed and forage; Sub-groups SG4 and SG5 are composed by 73 entries of wild cañahua thanks to the early cycle, short size and wide leaf cover that can be used as natural cover in degraded soils; and Sub-groups SG6 and SG7 composed by 226 entries of Saihua cañahua type desirable for manual and mechanized harvests due to its morphologic characteristics: tall plants and narrow leaf cover.
In order to promote the use of Bolivian Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) a genetic variability study was performed including agromorphologic characterization and behavior assessment of 744 lines. This activity was developed in the Quipaquipani Research Center belonging to the PROINPA Foundation. To determine natural patterns of genetic variation, the discrimination degree from the analyzed variables and to identify groups of different genetic variability, two univariate techniques (simple correlation, frequency analysis) and five multivariate techniques were applied to 17 quantitative variables and 7 qualitative variables. Results showed a wide genetic variability for phenologic cycle, plant size, leaf cover, yields and harvest indexes. The simple correlation analysis identified agromorphological variables that are yield components and that make easier selection processes. The analysis classified cañahua entries in three groups and seven sub-groups. Subgroups SG1, SG22 and SG31 are composed by 445 entries and assembly cañahuas of the Lasta type, late cycle and good chaff and grain yields that can be used for seed and forage; Sub-groups SG4 and SG5 are composed by 73 entries of wild cañahua thanks to the early cycle, short size and wide leaf cover that can be used as natural cover in degraded soils; and Sub-groups SG6 and SG7 composed by 226 entries of Saihua cañahua type desirable for manual and mechanized harvests due to its morphologic characteristics: tall plants and narrow leaf cover.
Description
Vol. 3, No. 2