El Isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosum) un cultivo de consumo y medicina tradicional en Huatacana para el beneficio de la población boliviana.
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Abstract
El artículo presenta la caracterización del sistema de producción y consumo tradicional del cultivo de isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosum) en la comunidad de Huatacana, Municipio de Mocomoco, La Paz. El isaño es un tubérculo originario de los Andes, pertenece a la familia tropaeolaceae, es una planta herbácea rastrera, su ciclo productivo es anual. Tiene un sabor picante, sin embargo los tubérculos son expuestos al sol para que adquieran un sabor dulce y sea agradable al paladar. En la medicina tradicional es considerado como antibiótico y calmante para problemas renales, anemia, inflamación de la próstata y reducir el apetito sexual entre otros. Para el estudio se empleó el método de observación participativa realizando un seguimiento a los agricultores en todas las actividades relacionadas al manejo del cultivo. Los resultados presentan una descripción del sistema de producción del isaño, el cual se realiza de forma tradicional, no se emplean agroquímicos ni maquinaria. El isaño es cultivado en asociación con maíz y principalmente con oca y papalisa. Así mismo se encontraron cinco variedades con nombres locales de: chi'yar (negro), killu (amarillo), jachir (con líneas rojas), qhini (amarillo morado) y asut'i (con líneas moradas). El consumo en la zona es en forma de huatia (cocción bajo tierra) y hervido. Las propiedades nutricionales y medicinales del isaño no son conocidas ni valoradas por la población joven, su consumo más frecuente son de las personas mayores. Debido a la migración que existe en la zona la producción del tubérculo se reduce paulatinamente.
The article presents a characterization of the traditional production and consumption system of isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosum) in the community of Huatacana, Mocomoco municipality, La Paz. Isaño is a tuber from the Andes, it belongs to the tropaeolaceae family. It is an annual, herbaceous plant. It has a spicy taste however it is exposed to the sun before cooking to acquire sweetness and a pleasant flavor. In traditional medicine, it is considered as an antibiotic, to calm kidney problems, to reduce prostate inflammation and to reduce sexual appetite, cure anemia, among others. A participant observation method was used, following and sharing all crop-related activities with the farmers. The results indicate that the production of isaño in the community remains very traditional, without the use of agrochemicals or machinery. The Isaño is grown with maize and mainly with oca and papalisa, the crop is quite rustic in the area. Five varieties of Isaño are cultivated in the area: chi'yar (black), killu (yellow), jachir (with red lines), qhini (purple yellow) and asut'i (with purple lines). The traditional consumption is trough huatia (soil oven) and boiled. The beneficial properties that the tuber may have for the health are not known by the young population, therefore it is preferred by the elderly and not so much by the young people.Due to the migration processes in the area the production and consumption ofthis crop is reducing gradually.
The article presents a characterization of the traditional production and consumption system of isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosum) in the community of Huatacana, Mocomoco municipality, La Paz. Isaño is a tuber from the Andes, it belongs to the tropaeolaceae family. It is an annual, herbaceous plant. It has a spicy taste however it is exposed to the sun before cooking to acquire sweetness and a pleasant flavor. In traditional medicine, it is considered as an antibiotic, to calm kidney problems, to reduce prostate inflammation and to reduce sexual appetite, cure anemia, among others. A participant observation method was used, following and sharing all crop-related activities with the farmers. The results indicate that the production of isaño in the community remains very traditional, without the use of agrochemicals or machinery. The Isaño is grown with maize and mainly with oca and papalisa, the crop is quite rustic in the area. Five varieties of Isaño are cultivated in the area: chi'yar (black), killu (yellow), jachir (with red lines), qhini (purple yellow) and asut'i (with purple lines). The traditional consumption is trough huatia (soil oven) and boiled. The beneficial properties that the tuber may have for the health are not known by the young population, therefore it is preferred by the elderly and not so much by the young people.Due to the migration processes in the area the production and consumption ofthis crop is reducing gradually.
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Vol. 3, No. 2