Efecto de tres métodos de cosecha sobre el desgrane de seis cultivares de cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) en el Altiplano Norte, Bolivia
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Abstract
La cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) es una planta que resiste a condiciones climáticas adversas, además de sequías, heladas y salinidad. Este cultivo tiene una dehiscencia variable, por ello la cosecha debe ser adecuada para disminuir perdidas de grano e impurezas. Esta investigación determino las pérdidas de grano antes y durante la madurez fisiológica en seis cultivares de cañahua utilizando tres métodos de cosecha en el Altiplano Norte. Los cultivares evaluados fueron L-300, Ak'apuya, Illimani, Kullaca, Warikunka y Umacutama. Los métodos de cosecha comprendieron en: corte con hoz, tijeras de podar y arrancado manual. Las variables evaluadas fueron fisiológicas, agronómicas, calidad de grano y pérdida de grano en condiciones naturales y por acción del método de cosecha. Nuestros resultados muestran que el desgrane natural para el cultivar Illimani fue de 1.042 kg ha-¹ por su precocidad y para Umacutama de 0.420 kg ha-¹ debido a su desarrollo tardío. El método del arrancado durante la cosecha tuvo mayor pérdida con 477.40 kg ha-¹, seguido del método con hoz de 297.61 kg ha-¹ y el método con tijera de 161.82 kg ha-¹. Los rendimientos de grano tuvieron un rango de 341.23 a 706.68 kg ha-¹. Los cultivares con mejor adaptabilidad fueron L-300 y Ak'apuya
Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen), is a plant that resists adverse climate conditions, as well to drought, frost and salinity. This crop has a variable dehiscence, so the harvest must be adequate to reduce grain losses and impurities. This investigation determined grain losses before and during physiological maturity in six cultivars of cañahua using three harvest methods in the Northern Altiplano. The cultivars evaluated were L-300, Ak'apuya, Illimani, Kullaca, Warikunka and Umacutama. Harvesting methods included: cutting with a sickle, pruning shears and manual cutting. Physiological, agronomic, grain quality and grain loss in natural conditions and by the action of the harvest method were evaluated. Our results show that seed shattering fornthe Illimani cultivar was 1.042 kg ha-¹ due to its early growth cycle and 0.420 kg ha-¹ to Umacutama due to its late growth. Harvested method during harvest had greater loss with 477.40 kg ha-¹, followed by the sickle method of 297.61 kg ha-¹ and the scissor method of 161.82 kg ha-¹. Grain yields ranged from 341.23 to 706.68 kg ha-¹. The cultivars with better adaptability were L-300 and Ak'apuya.
Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen), is a plant that resists adverse climate conditions, as well to drought, frost and salinity. This crop has a variable dehiscence, so the harvest must be adequate to reduce grain losses and impurities. This investigation determined grain losses before and during physiological maturity in six cultivars of cañahua using three harvest methods in the Northern Altiplano. The cultivars evaluated were L-300, Ak'apuya, Illimani, Kullaca, Warikunka and Umacutama. Harvesting methods included: cutting with a sickle, pruning shears and manual cutting. Physiological, agronomic, grain quality and grain loss in natural conditions and by the action of the harvest method were evaluated. Our results show that seed shattering fornthe Illimani cultivar was 1.042 kg ha-¹ due to its early growth cycle and 0.420 kg ha-¹ to Umacutama due to its late growth. Harvested method during harvest had greater loss with 477.40 kg ha-¹, followed by the sickle method of 297.61 kg ha-¹ and the scissor method of 161.82 kg ha-¹. Grain yields ranged from 341.23 to 706.68 kg ha-¹. The cultivars with better adaptability were L-300 and Ak'apuya.
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Vol. 5, No. 2