Recuperar la utopía de la democratización de las comunicaciones. A cuatro décadas del informe MacBRIDE
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Rev. aportes de la comunicación
Abstract
El debate por un Nuevo Orden Mundial de la Comunicación e Información tuvo en los años 80 como eje central el Informe MacBride de la UNESCO, producido por la Comisión Internacional para el Estudio de los Problemas de la Comunicación (CIC) presidida por Sean MacBride. El documento alcanzará en 2020 cuarenta años de su presentación, y los problemas que fueron detectados entonces en materia de desequilibrio e inequidad en las condiciones de acceso, circulación y producción de contenidos e informaciones entre países y regiones del mundo parecen persistir y hasta agudizarse. El revisitar el Informe y recuperar sus constantes hace a mantener la utopía por una comunicación democrática. En once puntos se sintetizan las demandas del Informe: 1. Eliminación de los desequilibrios en el sistema internacional de información. 2. Eliminación de los efectos negativos de determinados monopolios, públicos o privados, así como de las excesivas concentraciones de los medios. 3. Superación de los obstáculos internos y externos para un libre flujo y una más amplia y equilibrada difusión de información e ideas. 4. Pluralidad de fuentes y canales de información. 5. Libertad de prensa y de información. 6. Libre ejercicio del derecho a la información en el ejercicio responsable de los periodistas y profesionales de los medios. 7. Preparación de los países en desarrollo para lograr mejoras en sus propias situaciones, además de tornar sus medios de información y de comunicación sintonizados con sus propias necesidades y aspiraciones. 8. Compromiso real de los países desarrollados para ayudarlos a alcanzar dichos objetivos. 9. Respeto a la identidad cultural de cada pueblo y el derecho de cada nación para informar y participar en el intercambio internacional de información, con criterios de igualdad, justicia y beneficio mutuo. 10. Respeto al derecho de todos los pueblos para participar del intercambio internacional de información, basándose en la igualdad, justicia y beneficio mutuo, y; 11. Respeto al derecho de la colectividad, así como de los grupos étnicos y sociales, para tener acceso a las fuentes de información y participar activamente en los flujos de comunicación.
The debate about the New World Order in Communication and Information that took place during the 1980´s had as core discution the UNESCO Mac Bride Report. Which highlighted the inequity of access and distribution of information between countries and regions. In 2020 the Mac Bride Report will get 40 years since its declaration, but the the problems that were detected then in terms of imbalance and inequity in the conditions of access, circulation and production of content and information between countries and regions of the world seem to persist and even become more acute. To revisit the Report and recover its constants makes the democratic communication Utopia to persist. 1. elimination of the imbalances and inequalities which characterize the present situation; 2. elimination of the negative effects of certain monopolies, public or private, and excessive concentrations; 3. removal of the internal and external obstacles to a free flow and wider and better balanced dissemination of information and idea; 4. plurality of sources and channels of information; 5. freedom of the press and information; 6. the freedom of journalists and all professionals in the communication media, a freedom inseparable from responsibility; 7. the capacity of developing countries to achieve improvement of their own situations, notably by providing their own equipment, by training their personnel, by improving their infrastructures and by making their information and communications media suitable to their needs and aspirations; 8. the sincere will of developed countries to help them attain these objectives; 9. respect for each people's cultural identity and the right of each nation to inform the world public about its interests, its aspirations and its social and cultural values; 10. respect for the right of all peoples to participate in international exchanges of information on the basis of equality, justice and mutual benefit; 11. respect for the right of the public, of ethnic and social groups and of individuals to have access to information sources and to participate actively in the communication process.
The debate about the New World Order in Communication and Information that took place during the 1980´s had as core discution the UNESCO Mac Bride Report. Which highlighted the inequity of access and distribution of information between countries and regions. In 2020 the Mac Bride Report will get 40 years since its declaration, but the the problems that were detected then in terms of imbalance and inequity in the conditions of access, circulation and production of content and information between countries and regions of the world seem to persist and even become more acute. To revisit the Report and recover its constants makes the democratic communication Utopia to persist. 1. elimination of the imbalances and inequalities which characterize the present situation; 2. elimination of the negative effects of certain monopolies, public or private, and excessive concentrations; 3. removal of the internal and external obstacles to a free flow and wider and better balanced dissemination of information and idea; 4. plurality of sources and channels of information; 5. freedom of the press and information; 6. the freedom of journalists and all professionals in the communication media, a freedom inseparable from responsibility; 7. the capacity of developing countries to achieve improvement of their own situations, notably by providing their own equipment, by training their personnel, by improving their infrastructures and by making their information and communications media suitable to their needs and aspirations; 8. the sincere will of developed countries to help them attain these objectives; 9. respect for each people's cultural identity and the right of each nation to inform the world public about its interests, its aspirations and its social and cultural values; 10. respect for the right of all peoples to participate in international exchanges of information on the basis of equality, justice and mutual benefit; 11. respect for the right of the public, of ethnic and social groups and of individuals to have access to information sources and to participate actively in the communication process.
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No. 25