Factores asociados a trastornos músculo esquelético de columna lumbar en operarios de construcción civil. Programa de vigilancia ocupacional. Lima - Perú.
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Revista UNITEPC
Abstract
Introducción. Los trastornos músculo esqueléticos (TME), son desórdenes que afectan los nervios, tendones, músculos y estructuras de soporte como los discos intervertebrales que resulta de un esfuerzo más allá de lo que son capaces de soportar. Por eso la finalidad es determinar los factores asociados a trastornos músculo esqueléticos en columna lumbar, diagnosticados por resonancia magnética, en operarios de construcción civil de un Programa de Vigilancia Ocupacional de una empresa de Lima. Materiales y Métodos. Investigación descriptiva, transversal, retrospectiva. Se revisaron 385 resonancias magnéticas de columna lumbar, de trabajadores operarios de construcción civil de un programa de vigilancia ocupacional realizado el 2014 y 2015. Se aplicó un análisis estadístico comparando características entre los grupos de pacientes con y sin trastorno músculo esquelético. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia, incluyendo el total de 385 casos, siendo el universo igual a la muestra. Se usaron el programa estadístico STATA 16, las medidas de tendencia central y se efectuó el análisis bivariado de Chi cuadrado y T de Student, considerando un valor de significancia de p < 0,001. Resultados. El 41 % no presentó trastornos músculo esqueléticos. El 49,6 % presentó compresión del foramen neural, el 42.9 % protrusión discal, el 18,2 % prominencias discales, el 16,1 %, estrechamiento de los recesos laterales y el 13,2 % rectificación de la lordosis lumbar. El 58,4 % presenta algún trastorno y la presencia de dolor se reporta en el 1.3 % de los pacientes. Se halló que el promedio de edad es mayor en el grupo con el trastorno, así como el tiempo laboral y el estado civil casado. Discusión. Los factores asociados fueron la edad, el tiempo laboral y el estado civil casado.
Summary Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders that affect the nerves, tendons, muscles and supporting structures such as the intervertebral discs that result from an effort beyond what they are capable of withstanding. Therefore, the purpose is to determine the factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in the lumbar spine, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, in civil construction workers of an Occupational Surveillance Program of a company in Lima. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective research. 385 magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine of civil construction workers from an occupational surveillance program carried out in 2014 and 2015 were reviewed. A statistical analysis was applied comparing characteristics between the groups of patients with and without musculoskeletal disorders. The sampling was non-probabilistic, for convenience, including a total of 385 cases, the universe being equal to the sample. The statistical program STATA 16 was used, the measures of central tendency and the bivariate analysis of Chi square and Student's T were performed, considering a significance value of p < 0.001. Results: 41% did not present musculoskeletal disorders. 49.6% presented compression of the neural foramen, 42.9% disc protrusion, 18.2% disc prominence, 16.1% narrowing of the lateral recesses and 13.2% rectification of the lumbar lordosis. 58.4% have some disorder and the presence of pain is reported in 1.3% of patients. It was found that the average age is higher in the group with the disorder, as well as the working time and married marital status. Discussion: The associated factors were age, working time and married marital status.
Summary Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders that affect the nerves, tendons, muscles and supporting structures such as the intervertebral discs that result from an effort beyond what they are capable of withstanding. Therefore, the purpose is to determine the factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in the lumbar spine, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, in civil construction workers of an Occupational Surveillance Program of a company in Lima. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective research. 385 magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine of civil construction workers from an occupational surveillance program carried out in 2014 and 2015 were reviewed. A statistical analysis was applied comparing characteristics between the groups of patients with and without musculoskeletal disorders. The sampling was non-probabilistic, for convenience, including a total of 385 cases, the universe being equal to the sample. The statistical program STATA 16 was used, the measures of central tendency and the bivariate analysis of Chi square and Student's T were performed, considering a significance value of p < 0.001. Results: 41% did not present musculoskeletal disorders. 49.6% presented compression of the neural foramen, 42.9% disc protrusion, 18.2% disc prominence, 16.1% narrowing of the lateral recesses and 13.2% rectification of the lumbar lordosis. 58.4% have some disorder and the presence of pain is reported in 1.3% of patients. It was found that the average age is higher in the group with the disorder, as well as the working time and married marital status. Discussion: The associated factors were age, working time and married marital status.
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Vol. 9, No. 1