Causalidad entre los precios del petróleo West Texas Intermediate (WTI) y las actividades económicas desarrolladas en Bolivia, periodo 2011 -2020
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Investigación y Negocios
Abstract
Establecer la relación causal entre la variable precios internacionales del petróleo, considerando los precios del crudo producido en Texas y el sur de Oklahoma (WTI) y la variable actividad económica en Bolivia, fundamentada en la información trimestral presentada en las estadísticas económicas en el apartado de cuentas nacionales del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, representa el alcance de la investigación, a partir de una conjetura previa "Existe causalidad entre los precios del petróleo West Texas Intermediate (WTI) y las actividades económicas desarrolladas en Bolivia, periodo 2011 -2020" el diseño metodológico eminentemente cuantitativo, con la información histórica resumida en 38 datos trimestrales presentados en series de tiempo, permitió el tratamiento estadístico de los datos. El abordaje estadístico de los datos, se desarrolló en base al programa Excel de Windows 2013, y el programa EVIEWS, en primera instancia la determinación de la correlación simple y el grado de determinación entre las variables en general, en base a los resultados, permite afirmar que la relación de la variable WTI, con el PIB y los principales sectores de la economía boliviana, es inexistente, no existe ajuste entre las variables, las fluctuaciones en los precios del petróleo, no explican los cambios en las variables económicas bolivianas; sin embargo se pudo determinar que en el caso del sector servicios financieros y gasto de la administración pública presentan una relación mínima con la variable WTI, además se estableció que esta relación mínima es indirecta, mientras que el nivel de ajuste oscila entre el 22% al 29%. El test de causalidad de Granger, utilizando el análisis VAR, considerando 4 rezagos, permitió reforzar las conclusiones anteriores en el sentido de que no existe causalidad de Granger entre las variables analizadas, la variable X, no causa a la variable Y en el sentido de Granger, de existir algún grado de relación entre las variables, fue posible establecer que esta relación seria espuria, ya que, no existe cointegraciòn es decir que no existe sincronía entre los ascensos y descensos de las variables
Establish the causal relationship between the international oil prices variable, considering the prices of crude oil produced in Texas and southern Oklahoma (WTI) and the economic activity variable in Bolivia, based on the quar-terly information presented in the economic statistics in the section on National accounts of the National Institute of Statistics, represents the scope of the research, based on a previous conjecture "There is causality between the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil prices and the economic activities developed in Bolivia, period 2011 - 2020" the design eminently quantitative methodological, with historical information summarized in 38 quarterly data presented in time series, allowed the statistical treatment of the data. The statistical approach to the data was developed based on the Windows 2013 Excel program, and the EVIEWS program, in the first instance, the determination of the simple correlation and the degree of determination between the variables in general, based on the results, allows affirm that the relationship of the WTI variable, with the PIB and the main sectors of the Bolivian economy, is non-existent, there is no adjustment between the variables, the fluctuations in oil prices do not explain the changes in the Bolivian economic variables; However, it was determined that in the case of the financial services sector and public administration spending have a minimal relationship with the WTI variable, it was also established thatthis minimal relationship is indirect, while the level of adjustment ranges from 22% to 29%. The Granger causality test, using the VAR analysis, considering 4 lags, allowed to reinforce the previous con-clusions in the sense that there is no Granger causality between the analyzed variables, the variable X does not cause the variable Y in the sense of Granger, if there is some degree of relationship between the variables, it was possible to establish that this relationship would be spurious, since there is no cointegration, that is, there is no synchrony between the ascents and descents of the variables
Establish the causal relationship between the international oil prices variable, considering the prices of crude oil produced in Texas and southern Oklahoma (WTI) and the economic activity variable in Bolivia, based on the quar-terly information presented in the economic statistics in the section on National accounts of the National Institute of Statistics, represents the scope of the research, based on a previous conjecture "There is causality between the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil prices and the economic activities developed in Bolivia, period 2011 - 2020" the design eminently quantitative methodological, with historical information summarized in 38 quarterly data presented in time series, allowed the statistical treatment of the data. The statistical approach to the data was developed based on the Windows 2013 Excel program, and the EVIEWS program, in the first instance, the determination of the simple correlation and the degree of determination between the variables in general, based on the results, allows affirm that the relationship of the WTI variable, with the PIB and the main sectors of the Bolivian economy, is non-existent, there is no adjustment between the variables, the fluctuations in oil prices do not explain the changes in the Bolivian economic variables; However, it was determined that in the case of the financial services sector and public administration spending have a minimal relationship with the WTI variable, it was also established thatthis minimal relationship is indirect, while the level of adjustment ranges from 22% to 29%. The Granger causality test, using the VAR analysis, considering 4 lags, allowed to reinforce the previous con-clusions in the sense that there is no Granger causality between the analyzed variables, the variable X does not cause the variable Y in the sense of Granger, if there is some degree of relationship between the variables, it was possible to establish that this relationship would be spurious, since there is no cointegration, that is, there is no synchrony between the ascents and descents of the variables
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Vol. 15, No. 25