Concentración de metales pesados plomo y arsénico en el botadero de Mollebamba, Huancavelica
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
La contaminación del suelo en el botadero de residuos sólidos es un problema que va creciendo debido a la actividad antropogénica, entre ellos metales pasados cuya acumulación en el suelo, agua y tejidos vegetales constituyen un riesgo para la salud pública. El propósito del estudio fue determinar la contaminación por metales pesados plomo y arsénico en el botadero de residuos sólidos de Mollebamba de la Municipalidad de Acobamba, Huancavelica. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo observacional, los datos fueron procesados mediante paquete estadístico SPSS Vers. 24, con nivel de confianza del 95%; la toma de muestra se realizó mediante el sistema de sondeo manual, con profundidad de 40 cm, midiendo los parámetros de temperatura, humedad relativa, con el equipo multiparámetro (con zonda) modelo Boeco Germany, para el análisis de los metales pesados se envió al laboratorio Envirotest Environmental Testing Laboratory S.A.C acreditado por Instituto Nacional de Calidad (INACAL). Del total de 6 puntos de muestreo evaluadas, se obtuvieron los valores de concentración de plomo (Pb) fueron 2,50- 3,80- 4,50- 4,00- 4,30 y 4,90 mg/kg, encontrándose los valores menores al Límite Máximo Permisible (LMP) según Estándares de Calidad Ambiental - (ECA) para suelo N° 011-2017-MINAM que es 70 mg/kg. Se concluye que, el Plomo en los seis puntos de muestreo resultaron valores menores que el LMP, en cuanto al arsénico se obtuvieron en los puntos de muestreo P5 y P6, valores 20,80 % y 37,50 % respectivamente mayores que el LMP, siendo los otros puntos P1, P2, P3 y P4 menores a LMP.
Soil contamination in solid waste dumps is a growing problem due to anthropogenic activity, including heavy metals whose accumulation in soil, water and plant tissues constitutes a risk to public health. The purpose of the study was to determine the contamination by heavy metals lead and arsenic in the Mollebamba solid waste dump of the Municipality of Acobamba, Huancavelica. The research was descriptive and observational, and the data were processed using the SPSS statistical package, SPSS Vers. 24, with a confidence level of 95%; sampling was carried out using the manual sampling system, with a depth of 40 cm, measuring the parameters of temperature and relative humidity with Boeco Germany model multiparameter equipment (with probe). For the analysis of heavy metals, it was sent to Envirotest Environmental Testing Laboratory S.A.C., accredited by the National Institute of Quality (INACAL). From the total of 6 sampling points evaluated, the values of lead (Pb) concentration were obtained were 2.50- 3.80- 4.50- 4.00- 4.30 and 4.90 mg/kg, finding the values lower than the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL) according to Environmental Quality Standards - (ECA) for soil N° 011-2017-MINAM which is 70 mg/kg. It is concluded that, Lead in the six sampling points resulted values lower than the MPL, as for arsenic were obtained in the sampling points P5 and P6, values 20.80% and 37.50% respectively higher than the MPL, being the other points P1, P2, P3 and P4 lower than MPL.
Soil contamination in solid waste dumps is a growing problem due to anthropogenic activity, including heavy metals whose accumulation in soil, water and plant tissues constitutes a risk to public health. The purpose of the study was to determine the contamination by heavy metals lead and arsenic in the Mollebamba solid waste dump of the Municipality of Acobamba, Huancavelica. The research was descriptive and observational, and the data were processed using the SPSS statistical package, SPSS Vers. 24, with a confidence level of 95%; sampling was carried out using the manual sampling system, with a depth of 40 cm, measuring the parameters of temperature and relative humidity with Boeco Germany model multiparameter equipment (with probe). For the analysis of heavy metals, it was sent to Envirotest Environmental Testing Laboratory S.A.C., accredited by the National Institute of Quality (INACAL). From the total of 6 sampling points evaluated, the values of lead (Pb) concentration were obtained were 2.50- 3.80- 4.50- 4.00- 4.30 and 4.90 mg/kg, finding the values lower than the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL) according to Environmental Quality Standards - (ECA) for soil N° 011-2017-MINAM which is 70 mg/kg. It is concluded that, Lead in the six sampling points resulted values lower than the MPL, as for arsenic were obtained in the sampling points P5 and P6, values 20.80% and 37.50% respectively higher than the MPL, being the other points P1, P2, P3 and P4 lower than MPL.
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Vol. 7, No. 19