Uso de bacterias autóctonas promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPR) EN EL CONTROL DE Mycosphaerella fijiensis en plantaciones de banano orgánico en república dominicana
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Abstract
La producción de banano orgánico (Musa AAA L.) es uno de los principales productos de exportación de la República Dominicana al mercado de EE. UU. y Europa. Este cultivo se ve afectado aproximadamente en un 50 % del área foliar, por la enfermedad Sigatoka negra agente causal Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morolet. El control de esta enfermedad con agroquímicos es común, esto restringe su carácter orgánico y la factibilidad de comercialización, lo que trae como consecuencia dificultades para su control. El objetivo fue el uso de bacterias autóctonas promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPR) en el control de Mycosphaerella fijiensis en plantaciones de banano orgánico. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron tres bacterias (MAM21, DARA33 y MOSY21) y un testigo; y se evaluaron 10 plantas/tratamiento. Las plantas fueron inoculadas en vivero con un caldo bacteriano a razón de 20 ml c/u, a una concentración aproximada 6x108 UFC ml-1, una semana antes de la siembra. Se midieron las variables indicadoras de evolución de la enfermedad Sigatoka negra correctivo evolución (CE), suma bruta (SB), suma evolutiva (SEV), estado evolutivo (EE). Desarrollo: altura de la planta (AL), grosor del pseudotallo (PS), número de hojas (NH) y productividad del banano: peso del racimo, grado del dedo. Se realizaron los análisis estadísticos ANOVA, Test de Duncan y Análisis de Componente Principal (ACP). Los resultados muestran al tratamiento MOSY21 (P. plecoglossicida) con estado evolutivo de la enfermedad Sigatoka negra en cero en diferentes semanas, así como mejor desarrollo de la planta y productividad. Estas bacterias pueden ser usadas en el fomento de la agricultura orgánica ya que, ayudan a mejorar el desarrollo de las plantas y la productividad.
The production of organic bananas (Musa AAA L.) is one of the main export products of the Dominican Republic to the U.S. and European market. Approximately 50% of the leaf area of this crop is affected by the disease black Sigatoka, the causative agent Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morolet. The control of this disease with agrochemicals is common, which restricts its organic character and the feasibility of commercialization, which results in difficulties for its control. The objective was to use autochthonous plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) in the control of Mycosphaerella fijiensis in organic banana plantations. A randomized whole-block experimental design was used with four treatments and four replications. The treatments were three bacteria (MAM21, DARA33 and MOSY21) and one control; and 10 plants/treatments were evaluated. The plants were inoculated in the nursery with a bacterial broth at a rate of 20 ml each, at a concentration of approximately 6x108 CFU ml-1, one week before planting. The variables that indicate the evolution of the disease were measured by corrective black Sigatoka disease (CE), gross sum (SB), evolutionary sum (SEV), and evolutionary status (EE). Development: plant height (AL), pseudostem thickness (PS), number of leaves (NH) and banana productivity: bunch weight, finger grade. Statistical analyses were performed ANOVA, Duncan's Test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show the MOSY21 treatment (P. plecoglossicide) with the evolutionary status of the black Sigatoka disease at zero in different weeks, as well as better plant development and productivity. These bacteria can be used in the promotion of organic agriculture as they help improve plant development and productivity.
The production of organic bananas (Musa AAA L.) is one of the main export products of the Dominican Republic to the U.S. and European market. Approximately 50% of the leaf area of this crop is affected by the disease black Sigatoka, the causative agent Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morolet. The control of this disease with agrochemicals is common, which restricts its organic character and the feasibility of commercialization, which results in difficulties for its control. The objective was to use autochthonous plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) in the control of Mycosphaerella fijiensis in organic banana plantations. A randomized whole-block experimental design was used with four treatments and four replications. The treatments were three bacteria (MAM21, DARA33 and MOSY21) and one control; and 10 plants/treatments were evaluated. The plants were inoculated in the nursery with a bacterial broth at a rate of 20 ml each, at a concentration of approximately 6x108 CFU ml-1, one week before planting. The variables that indicate the evolution of the disease were measured by corrective black Sigatoka disease (CE), gross sum (SB), evolutionary sum (SEV), and evolutionary status (EE). Development: plant height (AL), pseudostem thickness (PS), number of leaves (NH) and banana productivity: bunch weight, finger grade. Statistical analyses were performed ANOVA, Duncan's Test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show the MOSY21 treatment (P. plecoglossicide) with the evolutionary status of the black Sigatoka disease at zero in different weeks, as well as better plant development and productivity. These bacteria can be used in the promotion of organic agriculture as they help improve plant development and productivity.
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Vol. 11, No. 2