MODELACIÓN HIDROGEOLÓGICA DE LOS MUNICIPIOS DE TIQUIPAYA Y COLCAPIRHUA DEL VALLE CENTRAL DE COCHABAMBA BOLIVIA
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Abstract
En la región metropolitana de Cochabamba, el crecimiento urbano hacia áreas de recarga acuífera ha aumentado el estrés hídrico en las aguas subterráneas, que abastecen aproximadamente el 65% del consumo total de agua. Por ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio hidrogeológico en una zona de abanicos aluviales en el Valle Central de Cochabamba. Se estableció una red de monitoreo de niveles freáticos en pozos de suministro de agua potable y riego en los municipios de Tiquipaya y Colcapirhua, realizando 26 mediciones entre abril y septiembre de 2021. Se desarrolló un modelo hidrogeológico simplificado con Visual MODFLOW Flex, calibrado con alta correlación (0.94) y un RMS de 17 m. En la validación, la correlación fue de 0.63, con un RMS normalizado del 78%. Se identificó la dirección principal del flujo subterráneo del norte a sur. Durante el monitoreo, se observó un descenso significativo del nivel freático, especialmente en los pozos OG-5 y OG-7, mientras que en OG-28 y OG-10 se registró un aumento de 3 a 5 metros desde 2019, indicando recarga asociada a los abanicos aluviales, principalmente el río Chijlawiri. Se recomienda emplear el modelo en estudios posteriores, mejorar la gestión de acuíferos y realizar un monitoreo continuo con datos mensuales para una mejor planificación hídrica.
In the metropolitan region of Cochabamba, urban growth towards areas of aquifer recharge has increased water stress in groundwater, which supplies approximately 65% of total water consumption. Therefore, a hydrogeological study was carried out in an alluvial fan zone in the Central Valley of Cochabamba. A water table monitoring network was established in drinking water supply and irrigation wells in the municipalities of Tiquipaya and Colcapirhua, taking 26 measurements between April and September 2021. A simplified hydrogeological model was developed with Visual MODFLOW Flex, calibrated with a high correlation (0.94) and a 17 m RMS. In the validation, the correlation was 0.63, with a normalized RMS of 78%. The main direction of subsurface flow was identified from north to south. During monitoring, a significant decrease in the water table was observed, especially in wells OG-5 and OG-7, while in OG-28 and OG-10 an increase of 3 to 5 meters was recorded since 2019, indicating recharge associated with alluvial fans, mainly the Chijlawiri River. It is recommended to use the model in subsequent studies, improve aquifer management and carry out continuous monitoring with monthly data for better water planning.
In the metropolitan region of Cochabamba, urban growth towards areas of aquifer recharge has increased water stress in groundwater, which supplies approximately 65% of total water consumption. Therefore, a hydrogeological study was carried out in an alluvial fan zone in the Central Valley of Cochabamba. A water table monitoring network was established in drinking water supply and irrigation wells in the municipalities of Tiquipaya and Colcapirhua, taking 26 measurements between April and September 2021. A simplified hydrogeological model was developed with Visual MODFLOW Flex, calibrated with a high correlation (0.94) and a 17 m RMS. In the validation, the correlation was 0.63, with a normalized RMS of 78%. The main direction of subsurface flow was identified from north to south. During monitoring, a significant decrease in the water table was observed, especially in wells OG-5 and OG-7, while in OG-28 and OG-10 an increase of 3 to 5 meters was recorded since 2019, indicating recharge associated with alluvial fans, mainly the Chijlawiri River. It is recommended to use the model in subsequent studies, improve aquifer management and carry out continuous monitoring with monthly data for better water planning.
Description
Vol. 24, No. 2