Factores de riesgo y complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes por alteraciones de fosforo y calcio
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y se define como una anormalidad patológica del riñón como hematuria o proteinuria, o una reducción de la tasa de filtrado glomerular menor a 60ml-min por más de tres meses. En todos los estudios la prevalencia a esta enfermedad va aumentando debido a que sus principales causas diabetes e hipertensión se han convertido en pandemias. Objetivo. Demostrar los factores de riesgo y complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes por alteraciones minerales y óseas. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en los pacientes del Instituto del riñón INRIDI San Martin de Enero a Nov del 2019, los métodos de investigación implementados fueron analítico y cualitativo- cuantitativo. El universo estuvo constituido por los 253 pacientes de la clínica de diálisis San Martin se obtuvo como muestra 70 pacientes basado en los criterios de exclusión. Resultados. Se halló que el 94.2 % de los pacientes estudiados estuvieron en el grupo de casos sin hipercalcemia, así mismo 58.55% sentaron en el grupo con hiperfosfatemia. Entre los factores de riesgo se demostró la prevalencia en el sexo masculino, la hipertensión, diabetes y la dislipidemia. Conclusiones . La frecuencia de cambios en el metabolismo mineral y óseo en pacientes con ERC es muy variable, y este estudio revela aspectos epidemiológicos que permiten reconocer los problemas actuales de la enfermedad que viabilizaran reducir el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem and is defined as a pathological abnormality of the kidney such as hematuria or proteinuria, or a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate to less than 60 ml-min for more than three months. In all studies the prevalence of this disease is increasing because its main causes diabetes and hypertension have become pandemics. Objective. To demonstrate the risk factors and cardiovascular complications in patients with mineral and bone alterations. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in patients of the Instituto del riñón INRIDI San Martin from January to Nov 2019, the research methods implemented were analytical and qualitative-quantitative. The universe was constituted by the 253 patients of the San Martin dialysis clinic, 70 patients were obtained as a sample based on the exclusion criteria. Results: Results. It was found that 94.2% of the patients studied were in the group of cases without hypercalcemia, and 58.55% were in the group with hyperphosphatemia. Among the risk factors, the prevalence in the male sex, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was demonstrated. Conclusions . The frequency of changes in bone and mineral metabolism in patients with CKD is highly variable, and this study reveals epidemiological aspects that allow us to recognize the current problems of the disease that will make it feasible to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and improve the quality of life of patients.
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem and is defined as a pathological abnormality of the kidney such as hematuria or proteinuria, or a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate to less than 60 ml-min for more than three months. In all studies the prevalence of this disease is increasing because its main causes diabetes and hypertension have become pandemics. Objective. To demonstrate the risk factors and cardiovascular complications in patients with mineral and bone alterations. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in patients of the Instituto del riñón INRIDI San Martin from January to Nov 2019, the research methods implemented were analytical and qualitative-quantitative. The universe was constituted by the 253 patients of the San Martin dialysis clinic, 70 patients were obtained as a sample based on the exclusion criteria. Results: Results. It was found that 94.2% of the patients studied were in the group of cases without hypercalcemia, and 58.55% were in the group with hyperphosphatemia. Among the risk factors, the prevalence in the male sex, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was demonstrated. Conclusions . The frequency of changes in bone and mineral metabolism in patients with CKD is highly variable, and this study reveals epidemiological aspects that allow us to recognize the current problems of the disease that will make it feasible to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Vol. 4, No. 12