Efectos de la humedad del suelo, sistemas de labranza y fertilización nitrogenada sobre el arroz
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
La productividad del cultivo de arroz está fuertemente influenciada por las condiciones edáficas y las prácticas agronómicas aplicadas. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el efecto de tres tipos de suelo (seco, medio húmedo y alto húmedo), dos sistemas de labranza (cero y convencional) y cuatro niveles de fertilización nitrogenada (0, 30, 60 y 100 kg N ha⁻¹) sobre el rendimiento del arroz de secano (Oryza sativa L.) en los Llanos de Coclé, Panamá. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio experimental de campo con enfoque cuantitativo, empleando un diseño factorial 3 × 2 × 4 en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, utilizando la variedad IDIAP 145-05 durante tres años (2007-2009). Los parámetros evaluados incluyeron rendimiento de grano, absorción de nutrientes y propiedades físico-químicas del suelo. Los hallazgos indican que el rendimiento máximo (3,493 ± 156 kg/ha) se obtuvo en suelo alto húmedo con 100 kg N ha⁻¹ bajo labranza convencional. La respuesta cuadrática del rendimiento a la fertilización nitrogenada mostró incrementos significativos hasta 100 kg N ha⁻¹. Los sistemas de labranza mostraron efectos diferenciales según el tipo de suelo: cero labranza fue superior en suelo seco, mientras labranza convencional superó en suelos húmedos. Las conclusiones señalan que es recomendable una dosis de 100 kg N ha⁻¹ para maximizar rendimiento en suelos húmedos y 60 kg N ha⁻¹ para optimizar rentabilidad. La selección del sistema de labranza debe basarse en las condiciones de humedad del suelo para optimizar el uso de nutrientes y el rendimiento del cultivo.
Rice crop productivity is strongly influenced by soil conditions and agronomic practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three soil types (dry, medium-humid, and high-humid), two tillage systems (zero and conventional), and four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60, and 100 kg N ha⁻¹) on the yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Llanos de Coclé, Panama. Methodology: A quantitative field experimental study was conducted using a 3 × 2 × 4 factorial design in randomized complete blocks with four replications, using the IDIAP 145-05 variety for three years (2007-2009). The parameters evaluated included grain yield, nutrient uptake, and soil physicochemical properties. The findings indicate that the maximum yield (3,493 ± 156 kg/ha) was obtained in moist upland soils with 100 kg N ha⁻¹ under conventional tillage. The quadratic yield response to nitrogen fertilization showed significant increases up to 100 kg N ha⁻¹. Tillage systems exhibited differential effects depending on soil type: zero tillage was superior in dry soils, while conventional tillage was superior in moist soils. The conclusions indicate that a dosage of 100 kg N ha⁻¹ is recommended to maximize yield in moist soils and 60 kg N ha⁻¹ to optimize profitability. Tillage system selection should be based on soil moisture conditions to optimize nutrient use and crop yield.
Rice crop productivity is strongly influenced by soil conditions and agronomic practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three soil types (dry, medium-humid, and high-humid), two tillage systems (zero and conventional), and four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60, and 100 kg N ha⁻¹) on the yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Llanos de Coclé, Panama. Methodology: A quantitative field experimental study was conducted using a 3 × 2 × 4 factorial design in randomized complete blocks with four replications, using the IDIAP 145-05 variety for three years (2007-2009). The parameters evaluated included grain yield, nutrient uptake, and soil physicochemical properties. The findings indicate that the maximum yield (3,493 ± 156 kg/ha) was obtained in moist upland soils with 100 kg N ha⁻¹ under conventional tillage. The quadratic yield response to nitrogen fertilization showed significant increases up to 100 kg N ha⁻¹. Tillage systems exhibited differential effects depending on soil type: zero tillage was superior in dry soils, while conventional tillage was superior in moist soils. The conclusions indicate that a dosage of 100 kg N ha⁻¹ is recommended to maximize yield in moist soils and 60 kg N ha⁻¹ to optimize profitability. Tillage system selection should be based on soil moisture conditions to optimize nutrient use and crop yield.
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Vol. 9, No. 27