Conocimientos y actitudes sobre VIH/SIDA en adolescentes rurales del Cañar, Ecuador
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
Introducción: El VIH/SIDA constituye un problema crítico de salud pública, con especial impacto en adolescentes de zonas rurales, quienes enfrentan barreras de acceso a información y servicios de salud, incrementando su vulnerabilidad. Objetivos: Describir los conocimientos y actitudes respecto a métodos de prevención, vías de transmisión, estrategias de información y percepción del riesgo del VIH/SIDA entre adolescentes rurales. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en 151 adolescentes de 12 a 19 años de una comunidad rural del Cañar, Ecuador, utilizando el cuestionario validado KARP-VIH/SIDA y análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Solo el 50,0 % presentó conocimientos correctos sobre VIH/SIDA, mientras que el 25,4 % mantuvo conceptos erróneos al considerar el contacto físico como vía de transmisión. El 81,5 % expresó confianza en la pareja como método preventivo, el 58,3 % prefirió recibir información de profesionales de salud, el 62,3 % mostró empatía hacia personas que viven con VIH/SIDA y el 35,1 % no percibió riesgo personal de adquirir la infección. Discusión: Los hallazgos evidencian brechas significativas en conocimientos, con conceptos erróneos preocupantes sobre transmisión y métodos de prevención. Conclusiones: Los resultados reflejan la necesidad urgente de implementar programas educativos culturalmente adaptados que permitan corregir conceptos equivocados, fortalecer actitudes preventivas y mejorar la percepción de riesgo en adolescentes rurales, considerados una población altamente vulnerable frente al VIH/SIDA.
Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a critical public health problem, with a particular impact on adolescents in rural areas, who face barriers to accessing health information and services, thereby increasing their vulnerability. Objectives: To describe knowledge and attitudes regarding prevention methods, transmission routes, information strategies and HIV/AIDS risk perception among rural adolescents Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study of 151 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in a rural community in Cañar, Ecuador, using the validated KARP-HIV/AIDS questionnaire and descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: Only 50.0% had correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS, while 25.4% held misconceptions, considering physical contact as a means of transmission. Furthermore, 81.5% expressed confidence in their partner as a preventive method, 58.3% preferred to receive information from health professionals, 62.3% showed empathy towards people living with HIV/AIDS, and 35.1% did not perceive a personal risk of acquiring the infection. Discussion: The findings reveal significant gaps in knowledge, with concerning misconceptions about transmission and prevention methods. Conclusions: The findings reflect the urgent need to implement culturally adapted educational programs that correct misconceptions, strengthen preventive attitudes, and improve risk perception among rural adolescents, who are considered a highly vulnerable population for HIV/AIDS.
Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a critical public health problem, with a particular impact on adolescents in rural areas, who face barriers to accessing health information and services, thereby increasing their vulnerability. Objectives: To describe knowledge and attitudes regarding prevention methods, transmission routes, information strategies and HIV/AIDS risk perception among rural adolescents Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study of 151 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in a rural community in Cañar, Ecuador, using the validated KARP-HIV/AIDS questionnaire and descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: Only 50.0% had correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS, while 25.4% held misconceptions, considering physical contact as a means of transmission. Furthermore, 81.5% expressed confidence in their partner as a preventive method, 58.3% preferred to receive information from health professionals, 62.3% showed empathy towards people living with HIV/AIDS, and 35.1% did not perceive a personal risk of acquiring the infection. Discussion: The findings reveal significant gaps in knowledge, with concerning misconceptions about transmission and prevention methods. Conclusions: The findings reflect the urgent need to implement culturally adapted educational programs that correct misconceptions, strengthen preventive attitudes, and improve risk perception among rural adolescents, who are considered a highly vulnerable population for HIV/AIDS.
Description
Vol. 8, No. 24