Conocimientos y conductas de riesgo frente al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual en población universitaria
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Rev. Inv. Inf. Sal.
Abstract
Introducción: Evaluar los conocimientos y las conductas de riesgo frente al VIH y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en estudiantes de primer y segundo semestre de la Universidad de San Gil (Unisangil), sede Yopal, pertenecientes a los programas de enfermería, ingeniería electrónica e ingeniería de sistemas. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal durante el segundo periodo académico de 2025. La población estuvo conformada por 100 estudiantes que participaron voluntariamente. Se aplicó la escala de conocimientos sobre VIH y otras ITS (ECI) de Espada et al. (2014), conformada por 24 ítems distribuidos en cinco dimensiones. La recolección se realizó mediante un formulario en Google Forms, y el análisis estadístico se efectuó con el software IBM SPSS Statistics, utilizando frecuencias y porcentajes descriptivos. Resultados: El 45% de los estudiantes presentó un nivel alto de conocimiento, el 39% nivel medio y el 16% nivel bajo. Las dimensiones con mayor porcentaje de aciertos fueron "conocimiento sobre preservativo" (88%) y "conocimiento general sobre VIH" (82%), mientras que la menor correspondió a "otras ITS" (54%). Se evidenció desconocimiento en aspectos relacionados con la prevención y persistencia de mitos sobre la transmisión del virus. Discusión: Aunque la mayoría de los estudiantes muestra conocimientos adecuados sobre el VIH, persisten vacíos conceptuales y percepciones erróneas, especialmente sobre ITS distintas al VIH.
Introduction: To evaluate knowledge and risk behaviors regarding HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in first- and second-semester students at the University of San Gil (Unisangil), Yopal campus, belonging to the nursing, electronic engineering, and systems engineering programs. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted during the second academic period of 2025. The population consisted of 100 students who participated voluntarily. The HIV and other STI Knowledge Scale (ECI) by Espada et al. (2014) was applied, consisting of 24 items distributed in five dimensions. Data collection was conducted using a Google Forms form, and statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, using descriptive frequencies and percentages. Results: 45% of the students had a high level of knowledge, 39% a medium level, and 16% a low level. The areas with the highest percentage of correct answers were "knowledge about condoms" (88%) and "general knowledge about HIV" (82%), while the lowest was "other STIs" (54%). There was evidence of a lack of knowledge regarding aspects related to prevention and persistent myths about HIV transmission. Discussion: Although most students show adequate knowledge about HIV, conceptual gaps and misperceptions persist, especially regarding STIs other than HIV.
Introduction: To evaluate knowledge and risk behaviors regarding HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in first- and second-semester students at the University of San Gil (Unisangil), Yopal campus, belonging to the nursing, electronic engineering, and systems engineering programs. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted during the second academic period of 2025. The population consisted of 100 students who participated voluntarily. The HIV and other STI Knowledge Scale (ECI) by Espada et al. (2014) was applied, consisting of 24 items distributed in five dimensions. Data collection was conducted using a Google Forms form, and statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, using descriptive frequencies and percentages. Results: 45% of the students had a high level of knowledge, 39% a medium level, and 16% a low level. The areas with the highest percentage of correct answers were "knowledge about condoms" (88%) and "general knowledge about HIV" (82%), while the lowest was "other STIs" (54%). There was evidence of a lack of knowledge regarding aspects related to prevention and persistent myths about HIV transmission. Discussion: Although most students show adequate knowledge about HIV, conceptual gaps and misperceptions persist, especially regarding STIs other than HIV.
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Vol. 20, No. 49