Evaluación de la actividad repelente de plantas aromáticas asociadas al cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)
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Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.
Abstract
Para el control de insectos plagas, es posible asociar especies hortícolas con plantas aromáticas repelentes, favoreciendo a la biodiversidad. Estas plantas, en la protección contra el ataque de plagas, emiten olores, sabores que los atraen o repelen. La investigación, se realizó en la parcela experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, de la Universidad Nacional de Concepción, Paraguay, con el objetivo de evaluar la actividad repelente de plantas aromáticas (Lavandula angustifolia, Salvia rosmarinus y Tagetes spp.) asociadas al cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa). Se utilizó el Diseño en Bloques Completo al Azar (DBCA), compuesto por 4 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones, totalizando 20 unidades experimentales. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 Monocultivo de lechuga (testigo), T2 lechuga + lavanda, T3 lechuga + romero y T4 lechuga + botón de oro. Las determinaciones evaluadas fueron: 1) repelencia: identificación y cuantificación de insectos presentes, 2) variables agronómicas: diámetro del cuello, diámetro ecuatorial, diámetro polar y masa fresca. Los valores obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza mediante el Test F, y las medias, comparadas entre sí por el Test de Tukey al 5%. Los insectos identificados fueron trips, pulgones y cigarritas, siendo menor el número de insectos en las plantas aromáticas con relación al testigo, donde la lavanda mostró mayor efecto repelente, que las demás especies evaluadas. Para las variables agronómicas, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los diferentes tratamientos evaluados. Se concluye que, es posible asociar plantas aromáticas repelentes con plantas de lechuga para lograr un manejo más efectivo de las plagas y garantizar el rendimiento del cultivo.
To control insect pests, horticultural species can be combined with repellent aromatic plants, promoting biodiversity. These plants, in order to protect against pest attacks, emit odors and flavors that attract or repel them. The research was conducted in the experimental plot of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the National University of Concepción, Paraguay, with the objective of evaluating the repellent activity of aromatic plants (Lavandula angustifolia, Salvia rosmarinus, and Tagetes spp.) associated with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivation. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replicates, totaling 20 experimental units. The treatments were: T1 lettuce monoculture (control), T2 lettuce + lavender, T3 lettuce + rosemary, and T4 lettuce + buttercup. The following variables were evaluated: 1) repellency: identification and quantification of insects present; 2) agronomic variables: neck diameter, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, and fresh mass. The values obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test, and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5%. The insects identified were thrips, aphids, and leafhoppers, with fewer insects on the aromatic plants compared to the control, where lavender showed a greater repellent effect than the other species tested. For the agronomic variables, there were no significant differences between the different treatments evaluated. It is concluded that it is possible to combine repellent aromatic plants with lettuce plants to achieve more effective pest management and guarantee crop yield.
To control insect pests, horticultural species can be combined with repellent aromatic plants, promoting biodiversity. These plants, in order to protect against pest attacks, emit odors and flavors that attract or repel them. The research was conducted in the experimental plot of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the National University of Concepción, Paraguay, with the objective of evaluating the repellent activity of aromatic plants (Lavandula angustifolia, Salvia rosmarinus, and Tagetes spp.) associated with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivation. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replicates, totaling 20 experimental units. The treatments were: T1 lettuce monoculture (control), T2 lettuce + lavender, T3 lettuce + rosemary, and T4 lettuce + buttercup. The following variables were evaluated: 1) repellency: identification and quantification of insects present; 2) agronomic variables: neck diameter, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, and fresh mass. The values obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test, and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5%. The insects identified were thrips, aphids, and leafhoppers, with fewer insects on the aromatic plants compared to the control, where lavender showed a greater repellent effect than the other species tested. For the agronomic variables, there were no significant differences between the different treatments evaluated. It is concluded that it is possible to combine repellent aromatic plants with lettuce plants to achieve more effective pest management and guarantee crop yield.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 26