Evaluación de la calidad microbiológica mediante indicadores cromofóricos selectivos y extracto de Malta de bebidas de frutas Amazónicas comercializadas en Cobija, Bolivia
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Rev. Bol. Quim
Abstract
Los refrescos elaborados artesanalmente a base de frutas amazónicas y comercializados en Cobija, Bolivia son consumidos por la mayoría de la población, por su sabor y acción refrescante natural, además son de bajo costo. Es importante conocer la calidad de este alimento por no ser pasteurizado, lo cual nos motivó a realizar esta investigación. Se realizó la evaluación de las condiciones higiénicas del personal y de los establecimientos de expendio, mediante el uso de un cuestionario de observación. Según los resultados obtenidos, el 69% de los establecimientos no cumple con las Buenas Prácticas de Higiene de Elaboración y Manipulación. Se realizaron muéstreos de cada uno de los establecimientos de expendio durante 3 semanas, completándose un total de 78 muestras de aguas y refrescos de frutas. Posteriormente, se determinó el pH de cada muestra. Se observó que los aguas de frutas presentan valores que están por debajo de los límites que establece la Norma Boliviana NB 512 (6,5 a 9,5). Los refrescos de frutas presentan valores que están dentro del límite permitido por la Norma Técnica Peruana NTP 203.110-111, que establece que el pH debe ser inferior a 4,50. La presencia de microorganismos indicadores de contaminación en aguas y refrescos de frutas se determinó mediante el método de la Membrana Filtrante (UFC) NB 31003. Los resultados obtenidos en muestras de aguas y refrescos de frutas, indicaron que estaban contaminadas con la presencia en un 92% de coliformes totales, 69% de Escherichia coli y 81% de Hongos y levaduras excediendo los límites permitidos por la NB 512 y NTP 203.110-111
Handcrañed son drinks made from Amazonian fruits and commercialized in Cobija, Bolivia have a high consumption index among local inhabitants, this, due to their flavor and natural refreshing features and their low-cost. To the best of our knowledge, to the present date, there are not reports on the microbiological quality of such drinks, which are not usually pasteurized. The survey among the personnel and the retail establishments on the hygienic conditions of elaboration was carried out through the use of an observation questionnaire. The results showed that 69% of the establishments did not comply with Good Hygienic Manufacturing and Handling Practices. Samples of each of the retail establishments were carried out during 3 weeks, completing a total of 78 samples of water and fruit drinks. Subsequently, the pH of each sample was determined. It was observed that the fruit waters present valúes that are below the limits established by the Bolivian Norm NB 512 (6.5 to 9.5). Fruit soft drinks have valúes that are within the limit allowed by the Peruvian Technical Standard NTP 203.110-111, which establishes that the pH must be less than 4.50. The contamination by microorganisms of water and fruit soft drinks was determined by using the Filter Membrane (CFU) method NB 31003. The results obtained in samples of water and fruit soft drinks indicated that they were contaminated with the presence of 92 % of total coliforms, 69% of Escherichia coli and 81% of fiingi and yeasts, exceeding the limits allowed by NB 512 and NTP 203.110-111
Handcrañed son drinks made from Amazonian fruits and commercialized in Cobija, Bolivia have a high consumption index among local inhabitants, this, due to their flavor and natural refreshing features and their low-cost. To the best of our knowledge, to the present date, there are not reports on the microbiological quality of such drinks, which are not usually pasteurized. The survey among the personnel and the retail establishments on the hygienic conditions of elaboration was carried out through the use of an observation questionnaire. The results showed that 69% of the establishments did not comply with Good Hygienic Manufacturing and Handling Practices. Samples of each of the retail establishments were carried out during 3 weeks, completing a total of 78 samples of water and fruit drinks. Subsequently, the pH of each sample was determined. It was observed that the fruit waters present valúes that are below the limits established by the Bolivian Norm NB 512 (6.5 to 9.5). Fruit soft drinks have valúes that are within the limit allowed by the Peruvian Technical Standard NTP 203.110-111, which establishes that the pH must be less than 4.50. The contamination by microorganisms of water and fruit soft drinks was determined by using the Filter Membrane (CFU) method NB 31003. The results obtained in samples of water and fruit soft drinks indicated that they were contaminated with the presence of 92 % of total coliforms, 69% of Escherichia coli and 81% of fiingi and yeasts, exceeding the limits allowed by NB 512 and NTP 203.110-111
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Vol. 37, No. 3