Influencia de la suplementación durante el embarazo sobre el desarrollo cognitivo del niño
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
Una nutrición adecuada durante el período prenatal es esencial para el desarrollo cerebral y la función cognitiva del recién nacido. Los estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado que la ingesta de folato, yodo y hierro durante la gestación repercute en el desarrollo cerebral del feto. Sin embargo, la relación con otros suplementos es menos clara. Objetivo. Analizar la evidencia científica disponible en lo relativo al efecto de la alimentación de la madre en el desarrollo cognitivo del niño. Método . Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed mediante términos Mesh, entre 2011 y 2021, en idioma español, inglés y francés, con bajo riesgo de sesgo. Se identificaron 116 investigaciones, tras excluir duplicados, protocolos y revisar la idoneidad de cada artículo mediante los criterios de selección, 10 estudios fueron incluidos en la presente revisión. Resultados. Entre los 10 artículos seleccionados la población total fue 2731 mujeres embarazadas, mayores de 18 años. Se identificó que la suplementación materna con al menos: 900 mg/día de colina mejora la memoria visual, la suplementación entre 400 a 600 mg/día de DHA y 150 mg/día de EPA mejora la atención visual y la suplementación entre 400 a 600 µg/día de ácido fólico beneficia el nivel cognitivo del niño. Conclusión. Se identificó que algunos componentes del complejo B como la colina, el ácido fólico y determinados ácidos grasos poliinsaturados como el docosahexaenoico y el eicosapentaenoico, pueden tener un efecto positivo en el desarrollo cognitivo del niño siempre y cuando se suplementen adecuadamente según los requerimientos de la gestante.
An adequate maternal nutrition during the prenatal period is essential for the brain development and cognitive function of the new-born. Epidemiological studies have shown that the intake of folate, iodine, and iron during pregnancy affects the development of the fetal brain. However, the relationship with other supplements is still scarce. Objective . To analyze the available scientific evidence of the effects of maternal diet-during pregnancy the cognitive development of the child. Methods . a search for studies was carried out in PubMed using Mesh terms, published from 2011 to 2021, in Spanish, English, and French, with a low risk of bias. 116 investigations were identified, after excluding duplicates, protocols and reviews, a total of 10 studies were used for the present review. Results . In the 10 selected articles, the total population was 2731 pregnant women, older than 18 years. Maternal supplementation with at least: 900 mg/day of choline improved visual memory, a supplementation with at least 400 to 600 mg/day of DHA, 150 mg/day of EPA improves visual attention, 400 to 600 ug/day of folic acid exerted a benefit in the cognitive level, of the child. Conclusion . It was identified that some components of the B complex such as choline, folic acid, and specific polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, can have a positive effect on the cognitive development of the child as long as they are adequately supplemented according to the requirements of the pregnant woman.
An adequate maternal nutrition during the prenatal period is essential for the brain development and cognitive function of the new-born. Epidemiological studies have shown that the intake of folate, iodine, and iron during pregnancy affects the development of the fetal brain. However, the relationship with other supplements is still scarce. Objective . To analyze the available scientific evidence of the effects of maternal diet-during pregnancy the cognitive development of the child. Methods . a search for studies was carried out in PubMed using Mesh terms, published from 2011 to 2021, in Spanish, English, and French, with a low risk of bias. 116 investigations were identified, after excluding duplicates, protocols and reviews, a total of 10 studies were used for the present review. Results . In the 10 selected articles, the total population was 2731 pregnant women, older than 18 years. Maternal supplementation with at least: 900 mg/day of choline improved visual memory, a supplementation with at least 400 to 600 mg/day of DHA, 150 mg/day of EPA improves visual attention, 400 to 600 ug/day of folic acid exerted a benefit in the cognitive level, of the child. Conclusion . It was identified that some components of the B complex such as choline, folic acid, and specific polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, can have a positive effect on the cognitive development of the child as long as they are adequately supplemented according to the requirements of the pregnant woman.
Description
Vol. 4, No. 11