Densidad poblacional de nematodos en el cultivo del café (Coffea arábica L), Alto Lima-Caranavi
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Abstract
La presencia y ataque imperceptible de los nematodos, junto a otros factores merman considerablemente los rendimientos del cultivo del café, afectando los ingresos económicos de las familias. En tal razón se planteó la investigación con el objeto de realizar la identificación y cuantificación de los principales géneros de nematodos fitoparasitos, que afectan a la producción de café en la Sub Central de Alto Lima, provincia Caranavi, La Paz. Se empleó un método de identificación utilizando claves taxonómicas, cuantificación de nematodos mediante el tamizado y centrifugado, flotación de soluciones de azúcar, propuesto por Araya et al. (1995), y modificado por el laboratorio de fitopatología de la Facultad de Agronomía de la UMSA. Se identificó la presencia de los géneros: Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Criconemella sp., y nematodos de vida libre. El análisis de laboratorio fue en 100 g de suelo y en 25 g de raíces, los valores más significativos se encuentran cuando existe ataque al interior de las raíces, llegando a encontrar a: Meloidogyne sp., en 81.5% y 72.0% en las zonas baja y alta, la densidad poblacional del género Pratylenchus sp., fluctúa entre 9.2% y 14.6% en las zonas baja y alta respectivamente. El género Helicotylenchus sp., se encuentra en las raíces en 7.9% y 11.0% en las zonas baja y alta respectivamente. El género Criconemella sp., no reporta nivel de daño significativo al interior de las raíces. Finalmente se observó una importante presencia de nematodos de vida libre cuya densidad poblacional está cerca de un 50% de la nematofauna del suelo.
The presence and imperceptible attack of the nematodes, along with other factors, considerably reduce the yields of the coffee crop, affecting the economic income of the families. In this reason, the research was carried out in orderto identify and quantify the main genera of plant nematodes, affecting coffee production in the sub-central of Alto Lima, Caranavi province, La Paz. A method of identification using taxonomic codes was used, quantification of nematodes by sieving and centrifugation, flotation of sugar solutions, proposed by Araya et al. (1995), and modified by the phytopathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agronomy of the UMSA. The presence of the genera: Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Criconemella sp., and free-living nematodes were identified. The laboratory analysis was in 100 g of soil and in 25 g of roots, the most significant values are found when there is an attack inside the roots, arriving to find: Meloidogyne sp., In 81.5% and 72.0% in the zones Low and high, the population density of the genus Pratylenchus sp., Fluctuates between 9.2% and 14.6% in the low and high areas, respectively. The genus Helicotylenchus sp., Is found in the roots in 7.9% and 11.0% in the low and high areas respectively. The genus Criconemella sp. does not report significant damage level inside in the roots. Finally, an important presence of free-living nematodes was observed, with a population density of about 50% of the soil nematode.
The presence and imperceptible attack of the nematodes, along with other factors, considerably reduce the yields of the coffee crop, affecting the economic income of the families. In this reason, the research was carried out in orderto identify and quantify the main genera of plant nematodes, affecting coffee production in the sub-central of Alto Lima, Caranavi province, La Paz. A method of identification using taxonomic codes was used, quantification of nematodes by sieving and centrifugation, flotation of sugar solutions, proposed by Araya et al. (1995), and modified by the phytopathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agronomy of the UMSA. The presence of the genera: Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Criconemella sp., and free-living nematodes were identified. The laboratory analysis was in 100 g of soil and in 25 g of roots, the most significant values are found when there is an attack inside the roots, arriving to find: Meloidogyne sp., In 81.5% and 72.0% in the zones Low and high, the population density of the genus Pratylenchus sp., Fluctuates between 9.2% and 14.6% in the low and high areas, respectively. The genus Helicotylenchus sp., Is found in the roots in 7.9% and 11.0% in the low and high areas respectively. The genus Criconemella sp. does not report significant damage level inside in the roots. Finally, an important presence of free-living nematodes was observed, with a population density of about 50% of the soil nematode.
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Vol. 4, No. 1