Determinación del contenido de Fósforo y Arsénico, y de otros metales contaminantes de las aguas superficiales del Río Coata, afluente del lago Titicaca, Perú
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Rev. Bol. Quim
Abstract
Se midió los contenidos de fósforo, arsénico, aluminio, hierro y manganeso en las aguas superficiales del río Coata, afluente del lago Titicaca, departamento de Puno, Perú. Las mediciones fueron hechas en dos épocas del año: estiaje y avenida, y realizadas en cinco puntos estratégicos del rio Coata, desde el puente Independencia de la ciudad de Juliaca hasta su desembocadura en el lago Titicaca. Para la determinación de los elementos se empleó la técnica de plasma de acoplamiento inductivo (ICP) que consta de una fuente de ionización, y de un espectrofotómetro de emisión óptica (OES). Las mediciónes de las concentraciónes fueron realizadas por espectrometría de emisión atómica. Las concentraciones máximas determinadas fueron: aluminio 1.043 mg/L, hierro 0.856 mg/L, manganeso 0.460 mg/L, arsénico 0.029 mg/L y fósforo 10.287 mg/L, índices que exceden los límites permisibles establecidos en los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental del Ministerio del Ambiente de Perú. La así detectada contaminación de las aguas fluviales tiene su origen en la descarga incontrolada y sin tratamiento de las aguas residuales y residuos sólidos de la ciudad de Juliaca, Puno, Perú.
The contents of phosphorus, arsenic, aluminum, iron and manganese in the surface waters of the Coata River, tributary of Lake Titicaca, department of Puno, Peru, were measured. The measurements were made at two times of the year: sewer and avenue, and were applied at five strategic points on the Coata River, from the Independence Bridge in the city of Juliaca to its mouth on Lake Titicaca. The inductive coupling plasma (ICP) technique consisting of an ionization source and an optical emission spectrophotometer (OES) was used to determine the elements. The measurements of the concentrations were made by atomic emission spectrometry. The maximum concentrations determined were: aluminum 1,043 mg / L, iron 0.856 mg / L, manganese 0.460 mg / L, arsenic 0.029 mg / L and phosphorus 10,287 mg / L, indices that exceed the permissible limits established in the Environmental Quality Standards of Ministry of Environment of Peru. The thus detected contamination of river waters has its origin in the uncontrolled and untreated discharge of wastewater and solid waste from the city of Juliaca, Puno, Peru.
The contents of phosphorus, arsenic, aluminum, iron and manganese in the surface waters of the Coata River, tributary of Lake Titicaca, department of Puno, Peru, were measured. The measurements were made at two times of the year: sewer and avenue, and were applied at five strategic points on the Coata River, from the Independence Bridge in the city of Juliaca to its mouth on Lake Titicaca. The inductive coupling plasma (ICP) technique consisting of an ionization source and an optical emission spectrophotometer (OES) was used to determine the elements. The measurements of the concentrations were made by atomic emission spectrometry. The maximum concentrations determined were: aluminum 1,043 mg / L, iron 0.856 mg / L, manganese 0.460 mg / L, arsenic 0.029 mg / L and phosphorus 10,287 mg / L, indices that exceed the permissible limits established in the Environmental Quality Standards of Ministry of Environment of Peru. The thus detected contamination of river waters has its origin in the uncontrolled and untreated discharge of wastewater and solid waste from the city of Juliaca, Puno, Peru.
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Vol. 36, No. 5