Análisis multi-temporal de mosaico de etapas sucesionales del bosque chaqueño de Arenales, Parque Nacional Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco
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Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
Según estudios previos la vegetación original de la zona sureste del Parque Nacional Kaa-Iya fue el bosque chaqueño de arenales. Sin embargo, actualmente el paisaje está conformado por un mosaico de etapas seriales o sucesionales en diversos grados de madurez. Para visualizar y cuantificar situaciones de retracción o invasión de comunidades de vegetación, desarrollamos un estudio de los cambios estructurales de la vegetación en un área determinada a través del tiempo. Basados en imágenes satelitales y utilizando herramientas de los sistemas de información geográfica producimos tres mapas de vegetación luego de una clasificación supervisada para tres décadas 1975, 1984 y 1999. Además realizamos los cálculos de superficie por comunidad vegetal para cada año y comparamos estos entre años. Observamos la mayor retracción (91.5%) de la comunidad de pajonal herbazal y el aumento de formaciones arbustivas leñosas. Esperamos que la información obtenida en este trabajo contribuya a entender la pérdida de estos ecosistemas abiertos y el hábitat para especies dependientes de las pampas chaqueñas y promover así un mejor manejo de las mismas.
According to previous studies the original vegetation of Southeast corner of the Kaa-Iya National Park was the Chacoan forest on well drained soils. However, the current landscape is formed by a mosaic of serial stages in different degrees of maturity. In order to visualize and quantify situations of retraction or invasion of vegetation communities, we developed a study of the structural changes of the vegetation in a determined area over time. We used satellite images and geographic information systems tools to produced three vegetation maps after a "supervised classification" for 3 decades 1979, 1984 and 2009. We calculated the extension of each plant community for each year and compare these between years. We observed the greatest retraction (91.5%) of the grassland community and the increase of woody shrub formations. We hope that the information obtained in this work will help to understand the loss of open ecosystems and the habitat for species dependent on the Chacoan grasslands and promote a better management of them.
According to previous studies the original vegetation of Southeast corner of the Kaa-Iya National Park was the Chacoan forest on well drained soils. However, the current landscape is formed by a mosaic of serial stages in different degrees of maturity. In order to visualize and quantify situations of retraction or invasion of vegetation communities, we developed a study of the structural changes of the vegetation in a determined area over time. We used satellite images and geographic information systems tools to produced three vegetation maps after a "supervised classification" for 3 decades 1979, 1984 and 2009. We calculated the extension of each plant community for each year and compare these between years. We observed the greatest retraction (91.5%) of the grassland community and the increase of woody shrub formations. We hope that the information obtained in this work will help to understand the loss of open ecosystems and the habitat for species dependent on the Chacoan grasslands and promote a better management of them.
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Vol. 52, No. 1