Comportamiento de pruebas citológicas durante el 2023 en el Policlínico René Vallejo Ortiz, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
El tamizaje citológico cervical mediante la prueba de Papanicolaou es una herramienta fundamental para la detección precoz de lesiones preneoplásicas y neoplásicas del cuello uterino, contribuyendo significativamente a la reducción de la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer cervicouterino (CCU). Objetivo Analizar el comportamiento de las pruebas citológicas realizadas durante 2023 en el Policlínico René Vallejo Ortiz, comparando los resultados con los obtenidos en 2022. Materiales y métodos Se llevó a cabo una investigación observacional, descriptiva y retrospectiva, basada en los registros clínicos y de laboratorio del consultorio. La población incluyó a todas las mujeres atendidas durante 2023, con 3,303 citologías programadas y 3,156 efectivamente realizadas, alcanzando un cumplimiento del 95.6%. Se analizaron variables cualitativas y cuantitativas mediante análisis descriptivo e inferencial, aplicando la prueba de McNemar para evaluar diferencias entre años. Resultados Se mostraron un bajo porcentaje de citologías no útiles (2.3%), siendo la escasez de muestra la causa principal. Se detectaron 168 casos nuevos de lesiones citológicas (5.3%), con una edad promedio de 44.5 años en las pacientes. Las intervenciones educativas implementadas en 2023 mejoraron la calidad de las muestras y aumentaron la detección de casos positivos, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a 2022 (p < 0.05). Conclusión el programa evidenció alta cobertura, mejora en la calidad y capacidad diagnóstica, recomendándose mantener la capacitación continua y fortalecer el seguimiento para optimizar la prevención del CCU.
Cervical cytological screening using the Pap test is a fundamental tool for the early detection of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix, contributing significantly to the reduction in the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer (CC). Objective the present study aimed to analyze the behavior of cytological tests performed during 2023 in the René Vallejo Ortiz Polyclinic, comparing the results with those obtained in 2022. Materials and methods An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was carried out, based on the clinic's clinical and laboratory records. The population included all women seen during 2023, with 3,303 scheduled Pap smears and 3,156 actually performed, achieving a compliance rate of 95.6%. Qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis, applying the McNemar test to evaluate differences between years. The results showed a low percentage of unusable cytology tests (2.3%), with sample shortages being the main cause. A total of 168 new cases of cytological lesions were detected (5.3%), with a mean patient age of 44.5 years. The educational interventions implemented in 2023 improved sample quality and increased the detection of positive cases, with statistically significant differences compared to 2022 (p < 0.05). It is concluded the program demonstrated high coverage, improved quality, and improved diagnostic capacity. It is recommended that ongoing training and strengthened follow-up be maintained to optimize CC prevention.
Cervical cytological screening using the Pap test is a fundamental tool for the early detection of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix, contributing significantly to the reduction in the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer (CC). Objective the present study aimed to analyze the behavior of cytological tests performed during 2023 in the René Vallejo Ortiz Polyclinic, comparing the results with those obtained in 2022. Materials and methods An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was carried out, based on the clinic's clinical and laboratory records. The population included all women seen during 2023, with 3,303 scheduled Pap smears and 3,156 actually performed, achieving a compliance rate of 95.6%. Qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis, applying the McNemar test to evaluate differences between years. The results showed a low percentage of unusable cytology tests (2.3%), with sample shortages being the main cause. A total of 168 new cases of cytological lesions were detected (5.3%), with a mean patient age of 44.5 years. The educational interventions implemented in 2023 improved sample quality and increased the detection of positive cases, with statistically significant differences compared to 2022 (p < 0.05). It is concluded the program demonstrated high coverage, improved quality, and improved diagnostic capacity. It is recommended that ongoing training and strengthened follow-up be maintained to optimize CC prevention.
Description
Vol. 8, No. 23
Keywords
Calidad de muestras citológicas, Cáncer cervicouterino, Detección precoz, Programa de tamizaje, Prueba de Papanicolaou, Tamizaje citológico cervical, Quality of cytological samples, Cervical cancer, Early detection, Screening program, Pap smear, Cervical cytology screening, Qualidade da amostra citológica, Cancro do colo do útero, Deteção precoce, Programa de rastreio, Teste de Papanicolaou, Rastreio citológico do colo do útero