Anomalía de Ebstein: a propósito de un caso
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
La anomalía de Ebstein es un defecto congénito complejo e infrecuente que incluye malformaciones morfofisiológicas de la válvula tricúspide y del ventrículo derecho, ocurre en 1 de cada 200 000 nacidos vivos y representa 1% de las cardiopatías congénitas, con frecuencia se relaciona con otros defectos como: tabique interauricular, estenosis o atresia pulmonar, comunicación interventricular, coartación aórtica y la tetralogía de Fallot. Paciente de 49 años con antecedente de anomalía de Ebstein e insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva refiere desde edad escolar presentar disnea de grandes esfuerzos, sin otra sintomatología acompañante, hace 15 días aproximadamente el cuadro se exacerba a disnea de medianos esfuerzos que se acompaña de palpitaciones, dolor torácico atípico y astenia, motivo por el cual se decide su ingreso. Ecocardiograma evidenció válvula tricúspide de implantación baja en el ventrículo derecho. Electrocardiograma reportó fibrilación auricular, bloqueo completo de rama derecha, trastorno de la repolarización ventricular. Paciente evoluciona favorablemente, no obstante, dadas las complicaciones propias de anomalía de Ebstein se decide tratamiento farmacológico expectante y paliativo. La anomalía de Ebstein representa una malformación cardíaca con una tasa de incidencia baja. La ecocardiografía se considera la modalidad preferida para detectar la patología debido a su capacidad para proporcionar una confirmación visual de la anomalía de la válvula tricúspide.
Ebstein's anomaly is a complex and rare congenital defect that includes morphophysiological malformations of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle. It occurs in 1 in 200,000 live births and represents 1% of congenital heart diseases. It is frequently associated with other defects such as: interatrial septum, pulmonary stenosis or atresia, ventricular septal defect, aortic coarctation, and tetralogy of Fallot. A 49-year-old patient with a history of Ebstein's anomaly and congestive heart failure reports dyspnea on heavy exertion since school age, without other accompanying symptoms. Approximately 15 days ago, the condition worsened to dyspnea on moderate exertion accompanied by palpitations, atypical chest pain, and asthenia, which is why the decision was made to admit him. An echocardiogram showed a low-set tricuspid valve in the right ventricle. An electrocardiogram revealed atrial fibrillation, complete right bundle branch block, and ventricular repolarization disorder. The patient is progressing favorably; however, given the complications associated with Ebstein's anomaly, expectant and palliative pharmacological treatment was decided upon. Ebstein's anomaly represents a cardiac malformation with a low incidence rate. Echocardiography is considered the preferred modality for detecting the disease due to its ability to provide visual confirmation of tricuspid valve abnormality.
Ebstein's anomaly is a complex and rare congenital defect that includes morphophysiological malformations of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle. It occurs in 1 in 200,000 live births and represents 1% of congenital heart diseases. It is frequently associated with other defects such as: interatrial septum, pulmonary stenosis or atresia, ventricular septal defect, aortic coarctation, and tetralogy of Fallot. A 49-year-old patient with a history of Ebstein's anomaly and congestive heart failure reports dyspnea on heavy exertion since school age, without other accompanying symptoms. Approximately 15 days ago, the condition worsened to dyspnea on moderate exertion accompanied by palpitations, atypical chest pain, and asthenia, which is why the decision was made to admit him. An echocardiogram showed a low-set tricuspid valve in the right ventricle. An electrocardiogram revealed atrial fibrillation, complete right bundle branch block, and ventricular repolarization disorder. The patient is progressing favorably; however, given the complications associated with Ebstein's anomaly, expectant and palliative pharmacological treatment was decided upon. Ebstein's anomaly represents a cardiac malformation with a low incidence rate. Echocardiography is considered the preferred modality for detecting the disease due to its ability to provide visual confirmation of tricuspid valve abnormality.
Description
Vol. 8, No. 23