Estomatotoxicidad en pacientes hematooncológicos sometidos a quimioterapia en el I.A.H.U.L.A.

Abstract

Hematooncological patients with diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma merit treatment with chemotherapy (QT). This produces alterations in the organism including the oral cavity. For this reason, an exhaustive evaluation, dental diagnosis and subsequent follow-up are required to reduce treatment complications. This study aimed to determine the oral manifestations caused by the chemotherapy treatment in hematooncological patients of I.A.H.U.L.A. It consisted of a descriptive, longitudinal investigation in which 98 adult patients who received QT participated. He understood a clinical examination before, during, after treatment. The data were recorded in a clinical record, and analyzed using percentages and statistical test of Chi-square. A greater number of patients with leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were found, with a predominance of males and an average of 43 years; treated with drugs such as vincristine, idarubicin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide. The oral manifestations were dry mouth sensation (83.6%) mainly followed by dry lips (67.3%), mucositis (39.7%), dysgeusia (34.7%), pain (26.5%). It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the antineoplastic drugs administered and the stomatoxicity presented in the oral cavity of the patients. Therefore, the formation of multidisciplinary teams that guarantee a better quality of life for patients in order to reduce the severity of injuries is essential.