Análisis de exergía de un sistema solar de calentamiento y enfriamiento que utiliza materiales de cambio de fase. Proyecto PCMSOL
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
El presente trabajo está basado en la aplicación de un análisis de exergía al sistema de calefacción y refrigeración solar (específicamente en modo de refrigeración) actualmente implementado en el Centro de Investigación de Energía Solar CIESOL de la Universidad de Almería (España), con el fin de poder determinar un sistema más eficiente y evaluar el efecto de la introducción de materiales de cambio de fase (PCMs) al sistema de climatización. El análisis realizado dio como resultado que dicho sistema solar actual alcanza una eficiencia exergética máxima global de tan solo 6.6%, y que la introducción de los PCMs logra aumentar las capacidades de almacenamiento térmico del sistema, sin embargo, provoca una mínima disminución en la eficiencia exergética global a 6.5%. Así también, los resultados mostraron que, a diferencia de lo que refleja un análisis energético, los componentes que mayores irreversibilidades generan son los colectores solares, con casi el 90% de pérdidas del total captado. Consecuentemente, se realizó una propuesta de reducción de las irreversibilidades generadas por los componentes solares del sistema de climatización solar, incorporando el uso de paneles fotovoltaicos en vez de los colectores solares, esto mejora la eficiencia exergética global del sistema.
The present work is based on the application of an exergy analysis to the solar-assisted heating and cooling system (specifically in cooling mode) currentiy installed at the CIESOL Solar Energy Research Center of the Armeria University (Spain); in order to determine a more efficient system and to evaluate the effect of the phase change materials (PCMs) introduction into the heating and cooling systems. The analysis shows that the current solar system achieves an overall maximum exergy efficiency of 6.6%. In addition, the introduction of the PCMs manages to increase the thermal storage capacities of the system, however, it causes a slight decrease in the global exergy efficiency to 6.5%. The results also show that, unlike what an energy analysis reflects, the components that generate the greatest irreversibilities are the solar collectors, with almost 90% of the total exergy losses. Consequently, a proposal was made to reduce the irreversibilities generated by the solar thermal components of the system, incorporating the use of photovoltaic panels instead of solar collectors, this improves the overall exergy efficiency.
The present work is based on the application of an exergy analysis to the solar-assisted heating and cooling system (specifically in cooling mode) currentiy installed at the CIESOL Solar Energy Research Center of the Armeria University (Spain); in order to determine a more efficient system and to evaluate the effect of the phase change materials (PCMs) introduction into the heating and cooling systems. The analysis shows that the current solar system achieves an overall maximum exergy efficiency of 6.6%. In addition, the introduction of the PCMs manages to increase the thermal storage capacities of the system, however, it causes a slight decrease in the global exergy efficiency to 6.5%. The results also show that, unlike what an energy analysis reflects, the components that generate the greatest irreversibilities are the solar collectors, with almost 90% of the total exergy losses. Consequently, a proposal was made to reduce the irreversibilities generated by the solar thermal components of the system, incorporating the use of photovoltaic panels instead of solar collectors, this improves the overall exergy efficiency.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 3