Transformación conductual promovida por la Gestión Ambiental Comunitaria desde una percepción rural / Behavioral transformation enhanced by a Community Environmental Management from a rural perspective

Abstract

La implementacion de una adecuada gestion ambiental comunitaria constituye alta prioridad en los momentos actuales, cuando se incrementan los desastres originados por el cambio climatico y los embates meteorologicos agreden a las localidades campestres con mayor intensidad, donde el habitat depende primordialmente de los recursos naturales que en ocasiones no son debidamente preservados. La investigacion se centro en aplicar dicha gestion mediante un tratamiento ordenado y sistematico del ambiente, con un uso racional de los recursos naturales en la comunidad rural Julio Antonio Mella, cercana al poblado La Fe en Isla de la Juventud, cuyos habitantes poseen un nivel de ensenanza medio y se dedican en lo fundamental a las labores agropecuaria y forestal. Alli se realizo un diagnostico inicial que arrojo la existencia de multiples problemas medioambientales creados mayormente por los propios moradores, por ello se decidio seleccionar para este trabajo las variables educacion ambiental y trabajo cultural, de las que derivaron diversas acciones y actividades contribuyentes al cuidado y perfeccionamiento del ecosistema. Dichas variables se sumaron a los enfoques psicologico, filosofico y sociologico, en su combinacion con las etapas planificacionorganizacion, preservacion-implementacion y monitoreo-control, como parte del proceso de la gestion ambiental comunitaria. Se concluyo que la aplicacion de los enfoques y las etapas, asi como las acciones desarrolladas, fundamentalmente las de capacitacion, fueron determinantes en la transformacion conductual de los pobladores, los que comenzaron desde entonces a contribuir activamente y con conocimiento a la proteccion y mejora del entorno. Abstract The implementation of an adequate Environmental Management System is a high priority in the present moment, when the disasters caused by climate change are increased and the meteorological attacks affect the rural localities with greater intensity, where the habitat depends primarily on the natural resources that sometimes are not properly preserved. The research focused on applying this management through an orderly and systematic treatment of the environment, with a rational use of the natural resources in the rural community “Julio Antonio Mella”, near the town of La Fe in Isla de la Juventud, whose inhabitants have a level of primary education and are mainly engaged in agriculture and forestry. There was an initial diagnosis that revealed the existence of multiple environmental problems created mainly by the residents themselves, so it was decided to select for this work the variables environmental education and cultural work, from which derived various actions and activities contributing to care and improvement of the ecosystem. These variables were added to the psychological, philosophical and sociological approaches, in their combination with the planningorganization, preservation-implementation and monitoring- control stages, as part of the process of environmental management. It was concluded that the application of the approaches and stages, as well as the actions developed, mainly the training ones, were determinant in the behavioral transformation of the inhabitants, who from then on began to contribute actively and with knowledge, to the protection and improvement of the environment.