Fortalecimiento de habilidades cognoscitivas en adultos mayores
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
El envejecimiento se caracteriza por cambios biológicos irreversibles que incluyen transformaciones en la cognición. Objetivos: Proponer estrategias para el fortalecimiento de habilidades cognoscitivas en adultos mayores del Centro de Readaptación Productiva Santo Domingo de Cantumarca. Métodos: Estudio mixto propositivo y descriptivo con 22 adultos mayores varones privados de libertad. Se emplearon observación directa no participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas, Test del Reloj, Matrices Progresivas de Raven, ACE-R-CH y Senior Apperception Technique. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron deterioro cognoscitivo significativo en 54.5% de los participantes según el Test del Reloj. Las Matrices de Raven mostraron capacidad intelectual disminuida generalizada. El ACE-R-CH confirmó variabilidad en el funcionamiento cognitivo con puntajes desde deterioro grave (7 puntos) hasta funcionamiento normal (28 puntos). Discusión: El deterioro está influido por factores de edad, encierro, falta de interacción social y escaso apoyo familiar, exacerbando el declive cognitivo natural del envejecimiento. Conclusiones: La implementación de estrategias psicológicas basadas en el enfoque cognitivo es imperativa para promover autonomía, bienestar emocional y calidad de vida en esta población vulnerable.
Aging is characterized by irreversible biological changes that include cognitive transformations. Objectives: To propose strategies for strengthening cognitive skills in older adults at the Santo Domingo de Cantumarca Productive Rehabilitation Center. Methods: Mixed propositional and descriptive study with 22 male older adults deprived of liberty. Direct non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, Clock Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices, ACE-R-CH and Senior Apperception Technique were employed. Results: Results showed significant cognitive deterioration in 54.5% of participants according to the Clock Test. Raven's Matrices showed generalized diminished intellectual capacity. The ACE-R-CH confirmed variability in cognitive functioning with scores from severe deterioration (7 points) to normal functioning (28 points). Discussion: Deterioration is influenced by factors of age, confinement, lack of social interaction and limited family support, exacerbating the natural cognitive decline of aging. Conclusions: Implementation of psychological strategies based on cognitive approach is imperative to promote autonomy, emotional well-being and quality of life in this vulnerable population.
Aging is characterized by irreversible biological changes that include cognitive transformations. Objectives: To propose strategies for strengthening cognitive skills in older adults at the Santo Domingo de Cantumarca Productive Rehabilitation Center. Methods: Mixed propositional and descriptive study with 22 male older adults deprived of liberty. Direct non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, Clock Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices, ACE-R-CH and Senior Apperception Technique were employed. Results: Results showed significant cognitive deterioration in 54.5% of participants according to the Clock Test. Raven's Matrices showed generalized diminished intellectual capacity. The ACE-R-CH confirmed variability in cognitive functioning with scores from severe deterioration (7 points) to normal functioning (28 points). Discussion: Deterioration is influenced by factors of age, confinement, lack of social interaction and limited family support, exacerbating the natural cognitive decline of aging. Conclusions: Implementation of psychological strategies based on cognitive approach is imperative to promote autonomy, emotional well-being and quality of life in this vulnerable population.
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Vol. 8, No. 24