Uso de grasa autóloga como material de relleno en estética facial. Una revisión exploratoria

Abstract

Introduction: Numerous studies have been carried out on the use of autologous fat in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery for lip contouring, correction and improvement of the smile and as a treatment for facial anomalies and deformities. However, there is controversy about the effectiveness of the use of autologous fat both for aesthetic purposes and for the treatment of facial deformities and hemifacial atrophies, among others. We have not found an updated review in the Spanish language that evaluates the evidence published to date, in order to contribute to clarifying this controversy by synthesizing the evidence on the effectiveness of autologous fat. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of autologous fat in the replacement of the labial dimension as a semi-permanent filling material. Methods: A diagnostic review was carried out in Elsevier (throughScience Direct), Medline (throughPubmed), SciELO, Virtual Health Library (throughBireme) and GoogleScholar, to identify studies on the effectiveness of the use of autologous fat as filler biomaterial in facial aesthetics published in the last 20 years. Results: 67 studies were found that met the inclusion criteria, mainly narrative reviews, practical guides based on narrative reviews and the surgeon's personal experience, and clinical cases. The results of this review indicate that autologous fat grafting on the face is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for both functional and aesthetic purposes, a valid alternative in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Conclusions: The use of autologous fat is effective for facial reconstruction and filling, labial projection, correction of furrows, facial rejuvenation and the treatment of facial deformities and atrophies. Therefore, its use is suggested.