EXPLORANDO LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO Y SU IMPACTO EN LOS RESULTADOS DEL PAPANICOLAOU EN LA PREVENCIÓN DEL CÁNCER DE CUELLO UTERINO
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Rev. Méd. La Paz
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Introducción El cáncer de cuello uterino es una grave amenaza para la salud pública femenina. Afortunadamente, su incidencia y mortalidad se han reducido gracias a la detección temprana a través del Papanicolaou. Este examen permite identificar cambios precancerosos y cancerosos, ofreciendo la oportunidad de intervenciones tempranas. Los dos principales factores de riesgo para el cáncer de cuello uterino son la exposición al Virus del Papiloma Humano y los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo. La vacunación y la educación sobre estilos de vida saludables son claves en la prevención primaria. La precisión del Papanicolaou se ve afectada por la calidad de la muestra y por factores individuales. Comprender estos factores es crucial para mejorar las estrategias de detección y prevención, y así reducir la carga del cáncer de cuello uterino. Metodología: Se analizaron 490 muestras de Papanicolaou de mujeres entre 16 y 73 años. Se recopiló información sobre edad, métodos anticonceptivos, estado nutricional, presencia de microorganismos y resultados del Papanicolaou. Resultados: Se hallaron los siguientes resultados, cobertura del primer Papanicolaou: 74.1%., calidad del tamizaje: 3.26%, muestras con LIEAG: 1.02%., con LIEBG: 1.84%. La edad promedio: 34.2 años, una edad mínima 16 y la máxima edad de 73 años. Asociación entre uso de anticonceptivos y edad (p=0.000173). no se encontró asociación entre uso de anticonceptivos y cambios celulares atípicos (p=0.767). y tampoco en el estado nutricional (p=0.485). existe asociación entre presencia de microorganismos y cambios celulares atípicos (p=0.001). Conclusiones: El Papanicolaou es una herramienta fundamental para la detección temprana del cáncer de cuello uterino, se recomienda un seguimiento cercano a las mujeres con cambios celulares atípicos.
Introduction Cervical cáncer is a serious threat to female public health. Fortunately, the incidence and mortality have been reduced thanks to early detection through Pap smears. This examination allows the identification of precancerous and cancerous changes, offering the opportunity for early interventions. The two main risk factors for cervical cancer are exposure to the Human Papillomavirus and risky sexual behaviors. Vaccination and education about healthy lifestyles are key to primary prevention. The accuracy of the Pap smear is affected by sample quality and individual factors. Understanding these factors is crucial to improving screening and prevention strategies, thereby reducing the burden of cervical cancer. Methodology: 490 Pap smears from women between 16 and 73 years old were analyzed. Information was collected on age, contraceptive methods, nutritional status, presence of microorganisms, and Pap smear results. Results: The following results were found: coverage of the first Pap smear: 74.1%, screening quality: 3.26%, samples with LIEAG: 1.02%, with LIEBG: 1.84%. The average age: 34.2 years, a minimum age of 16 and the maximum age of 73 years. Association between contraceptive use and age (p=0.000173). No association was found between contraceptive use and atypical cellular changes (p=0.767). nor in nutritional status (p=0.485). there is an association between the presence of microorganisms and atypical cellular changes (p=0.001). Conclusions: The Pap smear is afundamental toolfor the early detection ofcervical cancer; closefollow-up is recommended for women with atypical cellular changes.
Introduction Cervical cáncer is a serious threat to female public health. Fortunately, the incidence and mortality have been reduced thanks to early detection through Pap smears. This examination allows the identification of precancerous and cancerous changes, offering the opportunity for early interventions. The two main risk factors for cervical cancer are exposure to the Human Papillomavirus and risky sexual behaviors. Vaccination and education about healthy lifestyles are key to primary prevention. The accuracy of the Pap smear is affected by sample quality and individual factors. Understanding these factors is crucial to improving screening and prevention strategies, thereby reducing the burden of cervical cancer. Methodology: 490 Pap smears from women between 16 and 73 years old were analyzed. Information was collected on age, contraceptive methods, nutritional status, presence of microorganisms, and Pap smear results. Results: The following results were found: coverage of the first Pap smear: 74.1%, screening quality: 3.26%, samples with LIEAG: 1.02%, with LIEBG: 1.84%. The average age: 34.2 years, a minimum age of 16 and the maximum age of 73 years. Association between contraceptive use and age (p=0.000173). No association was found between contraceptive use and atypical cellular changes (p=0.767). nor in nutritional status (p=0.485). there is an association between the presence of microorganisms and atypical cellular changes (p=0.001). Conclusions: The Pap smear is afundamental toolfor the early detection ofcervical cancer; closefollow-up is recommended for women with atypical cellular changes.
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Vol. 31, No. 1