Evaluación de la agrobiodiversidad en los agroecosistemas del PN-ANMI Serranía del Iñao (Bolivia, Chuquisaca)
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
Se realizó la evaluación de la agrobiodiversidad presente en los agroecosistemas del área protegida del PN-ANMI Serranía del Iñao, desde diciembre (2012) a abril (2013). Fueron seis las comunidades evaluadas, Potreros, Las Casas, Pedernal, Azero Norte, Zapallar e Iripití, utilizando el método de encuestas (10 familias por comunidad), conteos directos y colectas botánicas de las plantas cultivadas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron en 3 tipos de cultivos: cultivos extensivos, hortalizas y frutales, para ello se utilizaron índices de diversidad y estadísticos descriptivos de tendencia central. Se ha identificado un total de 140 plantas cultivadas, de las cuales 59 pertenecen a cultivos extensivos, 32 son hortalizas y 49 frutales. La comunidad de Las Casas es la que presenta mayor riqueza (95), seguida por Zapallar (80). En otras comunidades como Potreros (68), Iripití (65) y Pedernal (65) la riqueza de cultivos registrada no es tan baja como en la comunidad de Azero Norte (46). Una de las razones por las cuales existe esta agrobiodiversidades que las plantas consideradas se cultivan tradicionalmente desde antes de la creación del área protegida. A partir de la procedencia de semillas de las plantas cultivadas, se han identificado plantas que preceden a los centros de diversidad y plantas cultivadas introducidas por los agricultores. Haciendo énfasis en las especies provenientes de los centros de diversidad, se demuestra que los agroecosistemas del área protegida aún conservan información genética importante y constituyen un depósito importante in situ de germoplasma de plantas tanto cultivadas como silvestres.
The agrobiodiversity in agroecosystems of the PN-ANMI Iñao Hills protected area was assessed from December, 2012 to April, 2013. Six communities, Potreros, Las Casas, Pedernal, Azero Norte, Zapallar and Iripiti were evaluated using the survey method (taking 10 families into account per community), direct counts, and botanical collections of cultivated plants. Evaluations were performed on three types of crops: extensive crops, vegetables and fruit plants. Diversity indices and descriptive statistics of central tendency were used. A total of 140 cultivated plants were identified, of which 59 belong to extensive crops, 32 are vegetables and 49 belonged to fruit plants. The community of Las Casas presented the highest species richness (95), followed by Zapallar (80). Other communities such as Potreros (68), Iripití (65) and Pedernal (65) presented a species richness that was above that presented by Azero Norte (46). One of the reasons for this agrobiodiversity, is due to the traditionally cultivation of most of these plants since before the creation of the protected area. Through a study of the origin of the seeds of the cultivated plants, the plants preceding the centers of diversity and crop plants introduced by farmers were identified. Making emphasis on species from the centers of diversity, it is demonstrated that the agro-ecosystems within the protected area still retain important genetic information and are an important reservoirs of germ-plasmfor cultivated and wild plants.
The agrobiodiversity in agroecosystems of the PN-ANMI Iñao Hills protected area was assessed from December, 2012 to April, 2013. Six communities, Potreros, Las Casas, Pedernal, Azero Norte, Zapallar and Iripiti were evaluated using the survey method (taking 10 families into account per community), direct counts, and botanical collections of cultivated plants. Evaluations were performed on three types of crops: extensive crops, vegetables and fruit plants. Diversity indices and descriptive statistics of central tendency were used. A total of 140 cultivated plants were identified, of which 59 belong to extensive crops, 32 are vegetables and 49 belonged to fruit plants. The community of Las Casas presented the highest species richness (95), followed by Zapallar (80). Other communities such as Potreros (68), Iripití (65) and Pedernal (65) presented a species richness that was above that presented by Azero Norte (46). One of the reasons for this agrobiodiversity, is due to the traditionally cultivation of most of these plants since before the creation of the protected area. Through a study of the origin of the seeds of the cultivated plants, the plants preceding the centers of diversity and crop plants introduced by farmers were identified. Making emphasis on species from the centers of diversity, it is demonstrated that the agro-ecosystems within the protected area still retain important genetic information and are an important reservoirs of germ-plasmfor cultivated and wild plants.
Description
Vol. 6, No. 3